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Questions and Answers
What role do volunteers such as Extension Master Gardeners play in Extension programming?
What role do volunteers such as Extension Master Gardeners play in Extension programming?
- They help extend programming to a wider audience. (correct)
- They primarily work on administrative duties.
- They create their own independent programs.
- They manage all county staff and resources.
What was the primary focus of each county Extension Service during the 1950s and 1960s?
What was the primary focus of each county Extension Service during the 1950s and 1960s?
- Developing a state-wide plan without local input.
- Managing the budget for state-wide projects.
- Identifying the greatest needs in their area. (correct)
- Creating uniform programs across all counties.
How often are the 'scope' reports that inform Extension programming typically published?
How often are the 'scope' reports that inform Extension programming typically published?
- Every year.
- Every 5 years.
- Every 10 years. (correct)
- Every 15 years.
Who holds the responsibility for program planning in the Extension staff?
Who holds the responsibility for program planning in the Extension staff?
What was a significant factor contributing to the effectiveness of Extension programs?
What was a significant factor contributing to the effectiveness of Extension programs?
What type of plan is considered sacrosanct within many states for the county Extension service?
What type of plan is considered sacrosanct within many states for the county Extension service?
What is the purpose of the USDA Outlook Conferences held annually?
What is the purpose of the USDA Outlook Conferences held annually?
What does program planning in the Extension service often rely on?
What does program planning in the Extension service often rely on?
What is one of the primary focuses of the Cooperative Extension Service?
What is one of the primary focuses of the Cooperative Extension Service?
What obligation do participants agree to upon entering the Extension Master Gardener Program?
What obligation do participants agree to upon entering the Extension Master Gardener Program?
What happens if a participant fails to complete their volunteer obligation in the Master Gardener Program?
What happens if a participant fails to complete their volunteer obligation in the Master Gardener Program?
How many hours must new trainees complete for their initial certification as a Master Gardener in Kentucky?
How many hours must new trainees complete for their initial certification as a Master Gardener in Kentucky?
What is required to renew certification as a Master Gardener each year?
What is required to renew certification as a Master Gardener each year?
What is considered 'payback time' in the Extension Master Gardener Program?
What is considered 'payback time' in the Extension Master Gardener Program?
Which of the following is not a requirement for being considered an active Master Gardener?
Which of the following is not a requirement for being considered an active Master Gardener?
What role do volunteer workers play in the Cooperative Extension Service?
What role do volunteer workers play in the Cooperative Extension Service?
What percentage of the final exam points comes from core curriculum material?
What percentage of the final exam points comes from core curriculum material?
When can the title 'Extension Master Gardener' be used?
When can the title 'Extension Master Gardener' be used?
What is required before starting volunteer activities that involve unsupervised work with vulnerable audiences?
What is required before starting volunteer activities that involve unsupervised work with vulnerable audiences?
What should Extension Master Gardeners avoid when using their title at a place of business?
What should Extension Master Gardeners avoid when using their title at a place of business?
What certificate do candidates receive after passing the written exam?
What certificate do candidates receive after passing the written exam?
What is a possible consequence of seeking paid speaking engagements while using the title 'Extension Master Gardener'?
What is a possible consequence of seeking paid speaking engagements while using the title 'Extension Master Gardener'?
What does the certification from Master Gardeners from other states depend on?
What does the certification from Master Gardeners from other states depend on?
What is a permissible action for experienced Extension Master Gardeners during public speaking engagements?
What is a permissible action for experienced Extension Master Gardeners during public speaking engagements?
What significant change was made to the original bill resubmitted in 1861?
What significant change was made to the original bill resubmitted in 1861?
Who signed the bill into law in July 1862?
Who signed the bill into law in July 1862?
What was the primary purpose of establishing land-grant colleges?
What was the primary purpose of establishing land-grant colleges?
What method did Seaman Knapp use to combat the cotton boll weevil?
What method did Seaman Knapp use to combat the cotton boll weevil?
Which Act established the Cooperative Extension Service?
Which Act established the Cooperative Extension Service?
What did Section 2 of the Smith-Lever Act emphasize about Cooperative Agricultural Extension work?
What did Section 2 of the Smith-Lever Act emphasize about Cooperative Agricultural Extension work?
What was a consequence for Southern states concerning the federal land after the secession?
What was a consequence for Southern states concerning the federal land after the secession?
How does the Cooperative Extension Service support its mission at the federal level?
How does the Cooperative Extension Service support its mission at the federal level?
What was one of the original purposes of extension work?
What was one of the original purposes of extension work?
What aspect of education was excluded from the purpose of land-grant colleges?
What aspect of education was excluded from the purpose of land-grant colleges?
Who led the movement for the creation of the land-grant system?
Who led the movement for the creation of the land-grant system?
Which act provided for the establishment of research facilities for land-grant universities?
Which act provided for the establishment of research facilities for land-grant universities?
What was the primary purpose of the land granted to states under the Morrill Act?
What was the primary purpose of the land granted to states under the Morrill Act?
How many acres of federal land were allocated per congressional member under the Morrill Act?
How many acres of federal land were allocated per congressional member under the Morrill Act?
What distinguishes the 1890 land-grant colleges from the 1862 land-grant schools?
What distinguishes the 1890 land-grant colleges from the 1862 land-grant schools?
Which state has both a 1862 land-grant school and a 1890 land-grant institution?
Which state has both a 1862 land-grant school and a 1890 land-grant institution?
What was a crucial addition to the educational function of land-grant universities as recognized by Congress?
What was a crucial addition to the educational function of land-grant universities as recognized by Congress?
What was the initial focus of the land-grant institutions?
What was the initial focus of the land-grant institutions?
The Cooperative Extension Service operates solely at the federal level.
The Cooperative Extension Service operates solely at the federal level.
Technology transfer involves presenting research information in layman’s terms.
Technology transfer involves presenting research information in layman’s terms.
County Extension councils are comprised of government officials only.
County Extension councils are comprised of government officials only.
Volunteers play a minimal role in the Cooperative Extension Service's programming.
Volunteers play a minimal role in the Cooperative Extension Service's programming.
The Cooperative Extension Service is considered a top-down organization.
The Cooperative Extension Service is considered a top-down organization.
The USDA is a key partner in the Cooperative Extension Service.
The USDA is a key partner in the Cooperative Extension Service.
Cooperative Extension aims to provide information that is biased and scientifically questionable.
Cooperative Extension aims to provide information that is biased and scientifically questionable.
Local government funding is a major source for the Cooperative Extension Service.
Local government funding is a major source for the Cooperative Extension Service.
The Cooperative Extension Service places a considerable emphasis on practices that enhance soil quality.
The Cooperative Extension Service places a considerable emphasis on practices that enhance soil quality.
Once you complete your training in the Extension Master Gardener Program, you have two years to fulfill the volunteer service commitment.
Once you complete your training in the Extension Master Gardener Program, you have two years to fulfill the volunteer service commitment.
The minimum volunteer hours required to obtain initial certification as a Master Gardener in Kentucky is 40 hours.
The minimum volunteer hours required to obtain initial certification as a Master Gardener in Kentucky is 40 hours.
Master Gardener volunteers must renew their certification by completing 20 hours of volunteer service and 5 hours of continuing education credit each year.
Master Gardener volunteers must renew their certification by completing 20 hours of volunteer service and 5 hours of continuing education credit each year.
Home gardening is not a focus of the Cooperative Extension Service.
Home gardening is not a focus of the Cooperative Extension Service.
Extension Master Gardeners are encouraged to be passive in their roles to ensure program success.
Extension Master Gardeners are encouraged to be passive in their roles to ensure program success.
Master Gardener volunteers can participate in activities without completing their payback time.
Master Gardener volunteers can participate in activities without completing their payback time.
The Cooperative Extension Service is challenged to remain static in its educational approach.
The Cooperative Extension Service is challenged to remain static in its educational approach.
The Extension Master Gardener Program was created to address the decrease in requests from home gardeners for horticultural information.
The Extension Master Gardener Program was created to address the decrease in requests from home gardeners for horticultural information.
Every Extension Master Gardener must pass a written final examination to be designated a Master Gardener.
Every Extension Master Gardener must pass a written final examination to be designated a Master Gardener.
Historically, there has been a standardized method for reporting volunteer hours across all Extension Master Gardener programs.
Historically, there has been a standardized method for reporting volunteer hours across all Extension Master Gardener programs.
Individuals who are no longer active in the Extension Master Gardener program can continue to use the title 'Extension Master Gardener'.
Individuals who are no longer active in the Extension Master Gardener program can continue to use the title 'Extension Master Gardener'.
The agent in charge of the local Extension Master Gardener Program decides on the activities that count toward volunteer service.
The agent in charge of the local Extension Master Gardener Program decides on the activities that count toward volunteer service.
Upon completing the training program, a candidate must submit a project proposal to be designated an Extension Master Gardener.
Upon completing the training program, a candidate must submit a project proposal to be designated an Extension Master Gardener.
In the 1910s, approximately 35 percent of the U.S. population were classified as farmers.
In the 1910s, approximately 35 percent of the U.S. population were classified as farmers.
By 1980, more than 50 percent of the U.S. population lived in locations defined as rural.
By 1980, more than 50 percent of the U.S. population lived in locations defined as rural.
Extension Master Gardeners are only required to participate in volunteer service activities for a limited number of hours each year.
Extension Master Gardeners are only required to participate in volunteer service activities for a limited number of hours each year.
The decrease in the farm population has contributed to an increased reliance on agricultural international trade.
The decrease in the farm population has contributed to an increased reliance on agricultural international trade.
The Extension agent's program and need for volunteer assistance determine the additional training hours required for Master Gardeners.
The Extension agent's program and need for volunteer assistance determine the additional training hours required for Master Gardeners.
The 1940s and 1950s marked a period of technological regression in American agriculture.
The 1940s and 1950s marked a period of technological regression in American agriculture.
The primary focus of Extension specialists is on urban and low-income residents in modern times.
The primary focus of Extension specialists is on urban and low-income residents in modern times.
The size of the rural population has remained stable since the turn of the century.
The size of the rural population has remained stable since the turn of the century.
Kentucky State University focuses its Extension efforts on urban environments and small farms.
Kentucky State University focuses its Extension efforts on urban environments and small farms.
Animal and food sciences are among the fields represented by Extension specialists.
Animal and food sciences are among the fields represented by Extension specialists.
The original bill for Cooperative Extension was enacted in 1862.
The original bill for Cooperative Extension was enacted in 1862.
Seaman Knapp's demonstration method improved agricultural production in Louisiana.
Seaman Knapp's demonstration method improved agricultural production in Louisiana.
The Southern states received federal land after seceding from the Union.
The Southern states received federal land after seceding from the Union.
The Smith-Lever Act established the Cooperative Extension Service in 1914.
The Smith-Lever Act established the Cooperative Extension Service in 1914.
The purpose of land-grant colleges excluded military tactics.
The purpose of land-grant colleges excluded military tactics.
The Secretary of Agriculture plays a role in guiding the Cooperative Extension Service's mission.
The Secretary of Agriculture plays a role in guiding the Cooperative Extension Service's mission.
Cooperative Agricultural Extension work is focused solely on agriculture.
Cooperative Agricultural Extension work is focused solely on agriculture.
The Kentucky Extension Master Gardener Program is part of the federal efforts to support agricultural education.
The Kentucky Extension Master Gardener Program is part of the federal efforts to support agricultural education.
The Morrill Act allocated 90 acres of federal land for each congressional member.
The Morrill Act allocated 90 acres of federal land for each congressional member.
The original purpose of the extension work was to improve agricultural production without state exclusion.
The original purpose of the extension work was to improve agricultural production without state exclusion.
The Extension Master Gardener Program was created to meet an increase in requests from home gardeners for ______ information.
The Extension Master Gardener Program was created to meet an increase in requests from home gardeners for ______ information.
Fifty years ago, an Extension agent dealt with the questions of a few hundred farm ______.
Fifty years ago, an Extension agent dealt with the questions of a few hundred farm ______.
Many families are unfamiliar with the ______, shrubs, trees, and diseases that comprise the microenvironment of their new home.
Many families are unfamiliar with the ______, shrubs, trees, and diseases that comprise the microenvironment of their new home.
Some programs may appoint a Master Gardener to keep track of volunteer ______.
Some programs may appoint a Master Gardener to keep track of volunteer ______.
The title 'Extension Master Gardener' should be used only by individuals trained in a ______ Extension Service program.
The title 'Extension Master Gardener' should be used only by individuals trained in a ______ Extension Service program.
Upon completion of the training program, a candidate must pass a written final ______ before being designated a Master Gardener.
Upon completion of the training program, a candidate must pass a written final ______ before being designated a Master Gardener.
An active Extension Master Gardener's designation ceases when they no longer participate in the Master Gardener ______.
An active Extension Master Gardener's designation ceases when they no longer participate in the Master Gardener ______.
The addition of additional training hours and subject matter will be determined by the agent’s program and need for ______ assistance.
The addition of additional training hours and subject matter will be determined by the agent’s program and need for ______ assistance.
All Master Gardener candidates must complete a minimum of training in certain core ______.
All Master Gardener candidates must complete a minimum of training in certain core ______.
The Extension Master Gardener training program allows the county agent to determine where ______ should be placed.
The Extension Master Gardener training program allows the county agent to determine where ______ should be placed.
The core subjects require a total of ______ core hours of training.
The core subjects require a total of ______ core hours of training.
Additional hours of training may address specific subjects such as ______, woody plant material, or vegetables.
Additional hours of training may address specific subjects such as ______, woody plant material, or vegetables.
The primary purpose of expectations for volunteers is to ensure the safety and well-being of all ______.
The primary purpose of expectations for volunteers is to ensure the safety and well-being of all ______.
Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service volunteers are expected to function within the guidelines of the ______.
Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service volunteers are expected to function within the guidelines of the ______.
The Kentucky Extension Master Gardener Program is edited by Richard Durham and Sharon ______.
The Kentucky Extension Master Gardener Program is edited by Richard Durham and Sharon ______.
The training program includes subjects such as Botany and ______.
The training program includes subjects such as Botany and ______.
After the Civil War, the land-grant opportunity was extended to the former ______ states.
After the Civil War, the land-grant opportunity was extended to the former ______ states.
Training in areas like Pesticides/Pesticide Safety is part of the ______ requirements.
Training in areas like Pesticides/Pesticide Safety is part of the ______ requirements.
The ______ Act of 1862 authorized 'separate but equal' facilities for African-Americans.
The ______ Act of 1862 authorized 'separate but equal' facilities for African-Americans.
Kentucky certification will be granted once the Master Gardener has completed any needed training and performed ______ hours of volunteer service.
Kentucky certification will be granted once the Master Gardener has completed any needed training and performed ______ hours of volunteer service.
Mississippi and ______ were the only two states to provide a specific type of education for African-Americans through land-grant institutions.
Mississippi and ______ were the only two states to provide a specific type of education for African-Americans through land-grant institutions.
The proposed second Morrill Act required states to show proof that race was not a ______ for admission.
The proposed second Morrill Act required states to show proof that race was not a ______ for admission.
The local Extension agent will supply the Master Gardeners with a list of volunteer ______ descriptions.
The local Extension agent will supply the Master Gardeners with a list of volunteer ______ descriptions.
Under the amended Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, it is illegal to use a pesticide on a crop unless the crop is listed on the ______.
Under the amended Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, it is illegal to use a pesticide on a crop unless the crop is listed on the ______.
In the mid-19th century, there was a political movement calling for the creation of agriculture ______.
In the mid-19th century, there was a political movement calling for the creation of agriculture ______.
Master Gardeners know that the use of ______ in the garden is usually a last resort.
Master Gardeners know that the use of ______ in the garden is usually a last resort.
Each state that did not have enough federal land for funding was issued ______, allowing them to select federal lands in other states.
Each state that did not have enough federal land for funding was issued ______, allowing them to select federal lands in other states.
The introductory section of the program highlights the liberal and practical education of the ______ classes.
The introductory section of the program highlights the liberal and practical education of the ______ classes.
Any information given to the general public by the Master Gardener should be factual and based on Cooperative Extension ______.
Any information given to the general public by the Master Gardener should be factual and based on Cooperative Extension ______.
Volunteers will not be asked to participate in an activity they do not feel ______ doing.
Volunteers will not be asked to participate in an activity they do not feel ______ doing.
The given rate of application on the pesticide label may not be ______.
The given rate of application on the pesticide label may not be ______.
Master Gardeners should refer all pesticide questions to the ______ unless otherwise instructed.
Master Gardeners should refer all pesticide questions to the ______ unless otherwise instructed.
The main objective of the volunteer is to act as an event ______ for the community garden.
The main objective of the volunteer is to act as an event ______ for the community garden.
Volunteers are responsible for arranging weekly garden work ______ and assisting members.
Volunteers are responsible for arranging weekly garden work ______ and assisting members.
I will represent the organization by demonstrating ______ conflict-resolution skills.
I will represent the organization by demonstrating ______ conflict-resolution skills.
Volunteers must abide by all applicable laws and Cooperative Extension Service ______, policies, and guidelines.
Volunteers must abide by all applicable laws and Cooperative Extension Service ______, policies, and guidelines.
I will make all reasonable efforts to ensure that programs are accessible to all individuals regardless of ______.
I will make all reasonable efforts to ensure that programs are accessible to all individuals regardless of ______.
The time involved in volunteering is approximately ______ hours per month, including meetings.
The time involved in volunteering is approximately ______ hours per month, including meetings.
The length of commitment required from volunteers is ______ months.
The length of commitment required from volunteers is ______ months.
Volunteers are expected to attend orientation and training related to the ______.
Volunteers are expected to attend orientation and training related to the ______.
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Study Notes
Land-Grant Institutions
- Movement for land-grant colleges initiated in 1853 by the Illinois Legislature.
- The Morrill Act of 1862 established land-grant institutions, allocating federal land based on Congress representation.
- Each eligible state received 30,000 acres to finance educational institutions.
- Sixteen African-American colleges were designated as 1890 land-grant institutions, providing critical educational access in the South.
Legislative Developments
- Initial bill proposed in 1859 was vetoed by President James Buchanan.
- Revised in 1861 to include military tactics and engineering, passed and signed by President Abraham Lincoln in July 1862.
- Southern states that seceded from the Union were excluded from receiving federal land.
Educational Mission of Land-Grant Colleges
- Purpose included teaching agriculture and mechanic arts without excluding classical studies.
- Reflects societal needs by promoting education relevant to rural citizens and addressing practical problems.
Establishment of Cooperative Extension
- Cooperative Extension Service founded in 1914 through the Smith-Lever Act.
- Aimed to disseminate knowledge gained from land-grant colleges to the public, specifically farmers and homemakers.
Role of Extension Agents and the Community
- Local needs shape county Extension services, requiring community consultation.
- Volunteers, such as Extension Master Gardeners, play a vital role in extending programming and outreach.
Water Quality Focus
- Extension programming heavily emphasizes agricultural practices that enhance water quality.
- County plans prioritize addressing pressing community concerns.
Volunteer Commitment
- Participants in the Extension Master Gardener Program must fulfill a predetermined volunteer service commitment after training.
- Active Master Gardeners are required to complete volunteer hours and continuing education to maintain certification.
Certification and Ethics
- Extension Master Gardener title must only be used in volunteer contexts, not for commercial endorsements.
- Background checks are mandatory for volunteer activities involving vulnerable populations.
Transfer of Certification
- Certification from Master Gardener programs in other states may be honored at the discretion of the local county agent.
Cooperative Extension Service Overview
- Extension provides technology transfer, translating research into understandable information for the public.
- The system operates through local county agents who develop programs and utilize state specialists for specific content.
- Local Extension councils consist of citizens who set program priorities to support county staff's educational efforts.
History and Legislation
- Cooperative Extension Service formed from a partnership involving USDA, land-grant universities, and local governments.
- Initial legislation for Extension introduced in 1859, passed in 1862 under President Lincoln due to agricultural needs in response to the cotton boll weevil crisis.
- The Smith-Lever Act of 1914 established federal support for Cooperative Agricultural Extension work.
Urban Shift and Demographic Changes
- The proportion of farmers declined from 35% in 1910 to less than 3% today.
- Rural residents constituted over 50% of the U.S. population early 20th century, dropping below 30% by 1980.
- Extension adapted to serve urban clients, focusing increasingly on low-income and minority populations.
Role of Volunteers
- Volunteer workers are integral to the Cooperative Extension Service, ensuring community involvement in programming.
- The Extension Master Gardener Program requires participants to commit to volunteer service in exchange for training.
- Master Gardeners must volunteer annually to maintain active status, with differing requirements across Extension units.
Specialized Programs
- The Extension Master Gardener Program originated in response to urban gardening inquiries, including various horticultural topics.
- Participants must complete initial certification and ongoing educational requirements to retain their status.
- Reporting volunteer hours is essential for recognition and program accountability, using either traditional or online methods.
Educational Goals
- Extension aims to promote effective agricultural practices and home economics outreach in communities.
- The focus emphasizes water quality improvement and contemporary issues relevant to societal needs.
- Ongoing adaptations to programming ensure the Extension remains relevant in a changing agricultural landscape.
Overview of the Kentucky Extension Master Gardener Program
- The program aims to educate and empower home gardeners, adapting to the needs of urban and transient populations.
- Originally designed after the Civil War, it extends educational opportunities in agriculture and horticulture to all states, particularly former Confederate territories.
Structure and Function
- The local county agent directs the activities of the program, determining what qualifies as volunteer service and continuing education.
- Reports of volunteer hours are crucial for recognizing contributions and assessing program progress.
Training and Certification
- Candidates must complete a training program followed by a written final exam to be designated as Master Gardeners.
- Training requirements include a minimum of 24 core hours in subjects such as Botany, Soils, Plant Pathology, and Environmental Issues.
- Volunteers must maintain activity status to retain the “Extension Master Gardener” title; inactivity leads to loss of designation.
Volunteer Responsibilities
- Master Gardeners are expected to provide factual horticultural information according to Cooperative Extension recommendations.
- They should refrain from making pesticide recommendations unless specifically guided, due to legal regulations on pesticide usage.
- Volunteers are not required to perform tasks they are uncomfortable with or physically unable to do.
Sample Job Description
- The position outlined focuses on managing a Senior Citizen Community Garden with responsibilities including coordinating garden activities and procuring supplies.
- Volunteers commit approximately 64 hours over an 8-month period, including weekly sessions and meetings.
Accountability and Ethics
- Volunteers must exhibit professionalism, courtesy, and adhere to guidelines set by the Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service.
- Diversity and accessibility are highlighted in program conduct, ensuring inclusivity regardless of demographic factors.
Safety Regulations
- Emphasis is placed on the safety and well-being of participants, aligning volunteer actions with organizational policies.
- Master Gardeners are to act as positive role models and resolve conflicts amicably, maintaining a conducive environment for all.
Key Subjects in Training
- Core subjects include topics across horticulture and environmental science, designed to equip Master Gardeners with a comprehensive understanding of gardening practices.
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