Podcast Beta
Questions and Answers
What role do volunteers such as Extension Master Gardeners play in Extension programming?
What was the primary focus of each county Extension Service during the 1950s and 1960s?
How often are the 'scope' reports that inform Extension programming typically published?
Who holds the responsibility for program planning in the Extension staff?
Signup and view all the answers
What was a significant factor contributing to the effectiveness of Extension programs?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of plan is considered sacrosanct within many states for the county Extension service?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of the USDA Outlook Conferences held annually?
Signup and view all the answers
What does program planning in the Extension service often rely on?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one of the primary focuses of the Cooperative Extension Service?
Signup and view all the answers
What obligation do participants agree to upon entering the Extension Master Gardener Program?
Signup and view all the answers
What happens if a participant fails to complete their volunteer obligation in the Master Gardener Program?
Signup and view all the answers
How many hours must new trainees complete for their initial certification as a Master Gardener in Kentucky?
Signup and view all the answers
What is required to renew certification as a Master Gardener each year?
Signup and view all the answers
What is considered 'payback time' in the Extension Master Gardener Program?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is not a requirement for being considered an active Master Gardener?
Signup and view all the answers
What role do volunteer workers play in the Cooperative Extension Service?
Signup and view all the answers
What percentage of the final exam points comes from core curriculum material?
Signup and view all the answers
When can the title 'Extension Master Gardener' be used?
Signup and view all the answers
What is required before starting volunteer activities that involve unsupervised work with vulnerable audiences?
Signup and view all the answers
What should Extension Master Gardeners avoid when using their title at a place of business?
Signup and view all the answers
What certificate do candidates receive after passing the written exam?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a possible consequence of seeking paid speaking engagements while using the title 'Extension Master Gardener'?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the certification from Master Gardeners from other states depend on?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a permissible action for experienced Extension Master Gardeners during public speaking engagements?
Signup and view all the answers
What significant change was made to the original bill resubmitted in 1861?
Signup and view all the answers
Who signed the bill into law in July 1862?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the primary purpose of establishing land-grant colleges?
Signup and view all the answers
What method did Seaman Knapp use to combat the cotton boll weevil?
Signup and view all the answers
Which Act established the Cooperative Extension Service?
Signup and view all the answers
What did Section 2 of the Smith-Lever Act emphasize about Cooperative Agricultural Extension work?
Signup and view all the answers
What was a consequence for Southern states concerning the federal land after the secession?
Signup and view all the answers
How does the Cooperative Extension Service support its mission at the federal level?
Signup and view all the answers
What was one of the original purposes of extension work?
Signup and view all the answers
What aspect of education was excluded from the purpose of land-grant colleges?
Signup and view all the answers
Who led the movement for the creation of the land-grant system?
Signup and view all the answers
Which act provided for the establishment of research facilities for land-grant universities?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the primary purpose of the land granted to states under the Morrill Act?
Signup and view all the answers
How many acres of federal land were allocated per congressional member under the Morrill Act?
Signup and view all the answers
What distinguishes the 1890 land-grant colleges from the 1862 land-grant schools?
Signup and view all the answers
Which state has both a 1862 land-grant school and a 1890 land-grant institution?
Signup and view all the answers
What was a crucial addition to the educational function of land-grant universities as recognized by Congress?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the initial focus of the land-grant institutions?
Signup and view all the answers
The Cooperative Extension Service operates solely at the federal level.
Signup and view all the answers
Technology transfer involves presenting research information in layman’s terms.
Signup and view all the answers
County Extension councils are comprised of government officials only.
Signup and view all the answers
Volunteers play a minimal role in the Cooperative Extension Service's programming.
Signup and view all the answers
The Cooperative Extension Service is considered a top-down organization.
Signup and view all the answers
The USDA is a key partner in the Cooperative Extension Service.
Signup and view all the answers
Cooperative Extension aims to provide information that is biased and scientifically questionable.
Signup and view all the answers
Local government funding is a major source for the Cooperative Extension Service.
Signup and view all the answers
The Cooperative Extension Service places a considerable emphasis on practices that enhance soil quality.
Signup and view all the answers
Once you complete your training in the Extension Master Gardener Program, you have two years to fulfill the volunteer service commitment.
Signup and view all the answers
The minimum volunteer hours required to obtain initial certification as a Master Gardener in Kentucky is 40 hours.
Signup and view all the answers
Master Gardener volunteers must renew their certification by completing 20 hours of volunteer service and 5 hours of continuing education credit each year.
Signup and view all the answers
Home gardening is not a focus of the Cooperative Extension Service.
Signup and view all the answers
Extension Master Gardeners are encouraged to be passive in their roles to ensure program success.
Signup and view all the answers
Master Gardener volunteers can participate in activities without completing their payback time.
Signup and view all the answers
The Cooperative Extension Service is challenged to remain static in its educational approach.
Signup and view all the answers
The Extension Master Gardener Program was created to address the decrease in requests from home gardeners for horticultural information.
Signup and view all the answers
Every Extension Master Gardener must pass a written final examination to be designated a Master Gardener.
Signup and view all the answers
Historically, there has been a standardized method for reporting volunteer hours across all Extension Master Gardener programs.
Signup and view all the answers
Individuals who are no longer active in the Extension Master Gardener program can continue to use the title 'Extension Master Gardener'.
Signup and view all the answers
The agent in charge of the local Extension Master Gardener Program decides on the activities that count toward volunteer service.
Signup and view all the answers
Upon completing the training program, a candidate must submit a project proposal to be designated an Extension Master Gardener.
Signup and view all the answers
In the 1910s, approximately 35 percent of the U.S. population were classified as farmers.
Signup and view all the answers
By 1980, more than 50 percent of the U.S. population lived in locations defined as rural.
Signup and view all the answers
Extension Master Gardeners are only required to participate in volunteer service activities for a limited number of hours each year.
Signup and view all the answers
The decrease in the farm population has contributed to an increased reliance on agricultural international trade.
Signup and view all the answers
The Extension agent's program and need for volunteer assistance determine the additional training hours required for Master Gardeners.
Signup and view all the answers
The 1940s and 1950s marked a period of technological regression in American agriculture.
Signup and view all the answers
The primary focus of Extension specialists is on urban and low-income residents in modern times.
Signup and view all the answers
The size of the rural population has remained stable since the turn of the century.
Signup and view all the answers
Kentucky State University focuses its Extension efforts on urban environments and small farms.
Signup and view all the answers
Animal and food sciences are among the fields represented by Extension specialists.
Signup and view all the answers
The original bill for Cooperative Extension was enacted in 1862.
Signup and view all the answers
Seaman Knapp's demonstration method improved agricultural production in Louisiana.
Signup and view all the answers
The Southern states received federal land after seceding from the Union.
Signup and view all the answers
The Smith-Lever Act established the Cooperative Extension Service in 1914.
Signup and view all the answers
The purpose of land-grant colleges excluded military tactics.
Signup and view all the answers
The Secretary of Agriculture plays a role in guiding the Cooperative Extension Service's mission.
Signup and view all the answers
Cooperative Agricultural Extension work is focused solely on agriculture.
Signup and view all the answers
The Kentucky Extension Master Gardener Program is part of the federal efforts to support agricultural education.
Signup and view all the answers
The Morrill Act allocated 90 acres of federal land for each congressional member.
Signup and view all the answers
The original purpose of the extension work was to improve agricultural production without state exclusion.
Signup and view all the answers
The Extension Master Gardener Program was created to meet an increase in requests from home gardeners for ______ information.
Signup and view all the answers
Fifty years ago, an Extension agent dealt with the questions of a few hundred farm ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Many families are unfamiliar with the ______, shrubs, trees, and diseases that comprise the microenvironment of their new home.
Signup and view all the answers
Some programs may appoint a Master Gardener to keep track of volunteer ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The title 'Extension Master Gardener' should be used only by individuals trained in a ______ Extension Service program.
Signup and view all the answers
Upon completion of the training program, a candidate must pass a written final ______ before being designated a Master Gardener.
Signup and view all the answers
An active Extension Master Gardener's designation ceases when they no longer participate in the Master Gardener ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The addition of additional training hours and subject matter will be determined by the agent’s program and need for ______ assistance.
Signup and view all the answers
All Master Gardener candidates must complete a minimum of training in certain core ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The Extension Master Gardener training program allows the county agent to determine where ______ should be placed.
Signup and view all the answers
The core subjects require a total of ______ core hours of training.
Signup and view all the answers
Additional hours of training may address specific subjects such as ______, woody plant material, or vegetables.
Signup and view all the answers
The primary purpose of expectations for volunteers is to ensure the safety and well-being of all ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service volunteers are expected to function within the guidelines of the ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The Kentucky Extension Master Gardener Program is edited by Richard Durham and Sharon ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The training program includes subjects such as Botany and ______.
Signup and view all the answers
After the Civil War, the land-grant opportunity was extended to the former ______ states.
Signup and view all the answers
Training in areas like Pesticides/Pesticide Safety is part of the ______ requirements.
Signup and view all the answers
The ______ Act of 1862 authorized 'separate but equal' facilities for African-Americans.
Signup and view all the answers
Kentucky certification will be granted once the Master Gardener has completed any needed training and performed ______ hours of volunteer service.
Signup and view all the answers
Mississippi and ______ were the only two states to provide a specific type of education for African-Americans through land-grant institutions.
Signup and view all the answers
The proposed second Morrill Act required states to show proof that race was not a ______ for admission.
Signup and view all the answers
The local Extension agent will supply the Master Gardeners with a list of volunteer ______ descriptions.
Signup and view all the answers
Under the amended Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, it is illegal to use a pesticide on a crop unless the crop is listed on the ______.
Signup and view all the answers
In the mid-19th century, there was a political movement calling for the creation of agriculture ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Master Gardeners know that the use of ______ in the garden is usually a last resort.
Signup and view all the answers
Each state that did not have enough federal land for funding was issued ______, allowing them to select federal lands in other states.
Signup and view all the answers
The introductory section of the program highlights the liberal and practical education of the ______ classes.
Signup and view all the answers
Any information given to the general public by the Master Gardener should be factual and based on Cooperative Extension ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Volunteers will not be asked to participate in an activity they do not feel ______ doing.
Signup and view all the answers
The given rate of application on the pesticide label may not be ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Master Gardeners should refer all pesticide questions to the ______ unless otherwise instructed.
Signup and view all the answers
The main objective of the volunteer is to act as an event ______ for the community garden.
Signup and view all the answers
Volunteers are responsible for arranging weekly garden work ______ and assisting members.
Signup and view all the answers
I will represent the organization by demonstrating ______ conflict-resolution skills.
Signup and view all the answers
Volunteers must abide by all applicable laws and Cooperative Extension Service ______, policies, and guidelines.
Signup and view all the answers
I will make all reasonable efforts to ensure that programs are accessible to all individuals regardless of ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The time involved in volunteering is approximately ______ hours per month, including meetings.
Signup and view all the answers
The length of commitment required from volunteers is ______ months.
Signup and view all the answers
Volunteers are expected to attend orientation and training related to the ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Land-Grant Institutions
- Movement for land-grant colleges initiated in 1853 by the Illinois Legislature.
- The Morrill Act of 1862 established land-grant institutions, allocating federal land based on Congress representation.
- Each eligible state received 30,000 acres to finance educational institutions.
- Sixteen African-American colleges were designated as 1890 land-grant institutions, providing critical educational access in the South.
Legislative Developments
- Initial bill proposed in 1859 was vetoed by President James Buchanan.
- Revised in 1861 to include military tactics and engineering, passed and signed by President Abraham Lincoln in July 1862.
- Southern states that seceded from the Union were excluded from receiving federal land.
Educational Mission of Land-Grant Colleges
- Purpose included teaching agriculture and mechanic arts without excluding classical studies.
- Reflects societal needs by promoting education relevant to rural citizens and addressing practical problems.
Establishment of Cooperative Extension
- Cooperative Extension Service founded in 1914 through the Smith-Lever Act.
- Aimed to disseminate knowledge gained from land-grant colleges to the public, specifically farmers and homemakers.
Role of Extension Agents and the Community
- Local needs shape county Extension services, requiring community consultation.
- Volunteers, such as Extension Master Gardeners, play a vital role in extending programming and outreach.
Water Quality Focus
- Extension programming heavily emphasizes agricultural practices that enhance water quality.
- County plans prioritize addressing pressing community concerns.
Volunteer Commitment
- Participants in the Extension Master Gardener Program must fulfill a predetermined volunteer service commitment after training.
- Active Master Gardeners are required to complete volunteer hours and continuing education to maintain certification.
Certification and Ethics
- Extension Master Gardener title must only be used in volunteer contexts, not for commercial endorsements.
- Background checks are mandatory for volunteer activities involving vulnerable populations.
Transfer of Certification
- Certification from Master Gardener programs in other states may be honored at the discretion of the local county agent.
Cooperative Extension Service Overview
- Extension provides technology transfer, translating research into understandable information for the public.
- The system operates through local county agents who develop programs and utilize state specialists for specific content.
- Local Extension councils consist of citizens who set program priorities to support county staff's educational efforts.
History and Legislation
- Cooperative Extension Service formed from a partnership involving USDA, land-grant universities, and local governments.
- Initial legislation for Extension introduced in 1859, passed in 1862 under President Lincoln due to agricultural needs in response to the cotton boll weevil crisis.
- The Smith-Lever Act of 1914 established federal support for Cooperative Agricultural Extension work.
Urban Shift and Demographic Changes
- The proportion of farmers declined from 35% in 1910 to less than 3% today.
- Rural residents constituted over 50% of the U.S. population early 20th century, dropping below 30% by 1980.
- Extension adapted to serve urban clients, focusing increasingly on low-income and minority populations.
Role of Volunteers
- Volunteer workers are integral to the Cooperative Extension Service, ensuring community involvement in programming.
- The Extension Master Gardener Program requires participants to commit to volunteer service in exchange for training.
- Master Gardeners must volunteer annually to maintain active status, with differing requirements across Extension units.
Specialized Programs
- The Extension Master Gardener Program originated in response to urban gardening inquiries, including various horticultural topics.
- Participants must complete initial certification and ongoing educational requirements to retain their status.
- Reporting volunteer hours is essential for recognition and program accountability, using either traditional or online methods.
Educational Goals
- Extension aims to promote effective agricultural practices and home economics outreach in communities.
- The focus emphasizes water quality improvement and contemporary issues relevant to societal needs.
- Ongoing adaptations to programming ensure the Extension remains relevant in a changing agricultural landscape.
Overview of the Kentucky Extension Master Gardener Program
- The program aims to educate and empower home gardeners, adapting to the needs of urban and transient populations.
- Originally designed after the Civil War, it extends educational opportunities in agriculture and horticulture to all states, particularly former Confederate territories.
Structure and Function
- The local county agent directs the activities of the program, determining what qualifies as volunteer service and continuing education.
- Reports of volunteer hours are crucial for recognizing contributions and assessing program progress.
Training and Certification
- Candidates must complete a training program followed by a written final exam to be designated as Master Gardeners.
- Training requirements include a minimum of 24 core hours in subjects such as Botany, Soils, Plant Pathology, and Environmental Issues.
- Volunteers must maintain activity status to retain the “Extension Master Gardener” title; inactivity leads to loss of designation.
Volunteer Responsibilities
- Master Gardeners are expected to provide factual horticultural information according to Cooperative Extension recommendations.
- They should refrain from making pesticide recommendations unless specifically guided, due to legal regulations on pesticide usage.
- Volunteers are not required to perform tasks they are uncomfortable with or physically unable to do.
Sample Job Description
- The position outlined focuses on managing a Senior Citizen Community Garden with responsibilities including coordinating garden activities and procuring supplies.
- Volunteers commit approximately 64 hours over an 8-month period, including weekly sessions and meetings.
Accountability and Ethics
- Volunteers must exhibit professionalism, courtesy, and adhere to guidelines set by the Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service.
- Diversity and accessibility are highlighted in program conduct, ensuring inclusivity regardless of demographic factors.
Safety Regulations
- Emphasis is placed on the safety and well-being of participants, aligning volunteer actions with organizational policies.
- Master Gardeners are to act as positive role models and resolve conflicts amicably, maintaining a conducive environment for all.
Key Subjects in Training
- Core subjects include topics across horticulture and environmental science, designed to equip Master Gardeners with a comprehensive understanding of gardening practices.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz explores the significant developments in Illinois land-grant institutions, highlighting key figures like Jonathan Turner and legislative actions from the 19th century. Delve into the impact of these institutions on education and society, especially regarding their legal standing and the inclusion of African-American land-grant schools.
