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Questions and Answers
What is believed to have stimulated trade in early cities?
What is believed to have stimulated trade in early cities?
In which region did cities first appear around 4000-3500 B.C.E.?
In which region did cities first appear around 4000-3500 B.C.E.?
What is credited to the Mesopotamians?
What is credited to the Mesopotamians?
Who reigned in Akkad from 2334-2315 B.C.E.?
Who reigned in Akkad from 2334-2315 B.C.E.?
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What period is characterized by the dominance of the Hittites in Anatolia?
What period is characterized by the dominance of the Hittites in Anatolia?
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When did the Assyrians dominate Mesopotamia?
When did the Assyrians dominate Mesopotamia?
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When did Homo sapiens sapiens first appear?
When did Homo sapiens sapiens first appear?
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Where is Çatal Hüyük located?
Where is Çatal Hüyük located?
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What was one of the most significant consequences of artificial irrigation in ancient Sumer?
What was one of the most significant consequences of artificial irrigation in ancient Sumer?
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Why did Çatal Hüyük become a center for production and trade?
Why did Çatal Hüyük become a center for production and trade?
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What was one of the results of the wealth generated from trade in obsidian tools at Çatal Hüyük?
What was one of the results of the wealth generated from trade in obsidian tools at Çatal Hüyük?
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What was the approximate population of Sumer by around 3000 B.C.E.?
What was the approximate population of Sumer by around 3000 B.C.E.?
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Why did the Sumerians construct elaborate irrigation networks?
Why did the Sumerians construct elaborate irrigation networks?
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What was the social organization that emerged as a result of dense populations and specialized labor?
What was the social organization that emerged as a result of dense populations and specialized labor?
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Who were the majority of migrants attracted to Sumer?
Who were the majority of migrants attracted to Sumer?
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Where did complex societies, with large numbers of people living in cities, first emerge?
Where did complex societies, with large numbers of people living in cities, first emerge?
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What was a major consequence of individual and group interests conflicting in Mesopotamia?
What was a major consequence of individual and group interests conflicting in Mesopotamia?
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What was a significant factor in the development of complex societies in Mesopotamia?
What was a significant factor in the development of complex societies in Mesopotamia?
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What was a result of the emergence of social classes in Mesopotamia?
What was a result of the emergence of social classes in Mesopotamia?
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What was the time period of the early evolution of Homo sapiens?
What was the time period of the early evolution of Homo sapiens?
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What was the era of the first hominids?
What was the era of the first hominids?
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What was the significance of Uruk in Mesopotamia?
What was the significance of Uruk in Mesopotamia?
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What is the term for early human-like species?
What is the term for early human-like species?
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Study Notes
Early Human History
- 4 million-1 million years ago: Era of first hominids, Australopithecus
- 2.5 million-200,000 years ago: Era of Homo erectus
- 200,000 years ago: Early evolution of Homo sapiens
- 40,000 years ago: First appearance of Homo sapiens sapiens
Development of Cities
- 10,000-8000 B.C.E.: Early experimentation with agriculture
- 4000-3500 B.C.E.: Appearance of cities in southwest Asia, particularly in Mesopotamia
- 3200-2350 B.C.E.: Era of Sumerian dominance in Mesopotamia, Mesopotamians invented a system of writing and supported organized religions
Mesopotamian Societies
- 2334-2315 B.C.E.: Reign of Sargon of Akkad
- 1792-1750 B.C.E.: Reign of Hammurabi
- 2350-1600 B.C.E.: Era of Babylonian dominance in Mesopotamia
- 1000-612 B.C.E.: Era of Assyrian dominance in Mesopotamia
- 1450-1200 B.C.E.: Era of Hittite dominance in Anatolia
Emergence of Complex Societies
- 1000-970 B.C.E.: Reign of Israelite king David
- 970-930 B.C.E.: Complex societies developed in southwest Asia, particularly in Mesopotamia
- Urban society in Mesopotamia promoted the emergence of social classes, leading to increasingly complex social and economic structures
- Cities fostered specialized labor, efficient production of high-quality goods, and stimulated trade
Settlements and Trade
- 7250 B.C.E.: Settlement of (:atal Hiiyiik, a neolithic settlement in south-central Anatolia (modern Turkey)
- 7250-5400 B.C.E.: (:atal Hiiyiik grew from a small village to a bustling town of five thousand inhabitants
- The site was close to large obsidian deposits, making it a center for production and trade in obsidian tools
- The wealth generated from trade allowed increasing specialization of labor, leading to the development of complex social relations
Sumerian Civilization
- 5000 B.C.E.: Sumerians constructed elaborate irrigation networks, helping them realize abundant agricultural harvests
- By 3000 B.C.E.: The population of Sumer approached one hundred thousand, an unprecedented concentration of people in ancient times
- Sumerians were the dominant people of Mesopotamia, manufacturing and trading pots, textiles, leather, beads, and jewelry
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Description
This quiz explores the early stages of human development, from the emergence of Homo sapiens to the rise of cities and the development of agriculture.
