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Questions and Answers
Which ancient civilization is known to have played a form of hockey around 2000 BC?
Which ancient civilization is known to have played a form of hockey around 2000 BC?
What significant event related to hockey occurred in 1876?
What significant event related to hockey occurred in 1876?
What is the maximum number of substitutes allowed in a hockey match according to the rules in the UK?
What is the maximum number of substitutes allowed in a hockey match according to the rules in the UK?
Which governing body is responsible for regulating both men's and women's hockey teams in South Africa?
Which governing body is responsible for regulating both men's and women's hockey teams in South Africa?
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In modern hockey, which player is permitted to use their hands and feet to touch the ball?
In modern hockey, which player is permitted to use their hands and feet to touch the ball?
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What is the primary objective of a field hockey game?
What is the primary objective of a field hockey game?
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What unique feature does hockey possess regarding player substitutions during a match?
What unique feature does hockey possess regarding player substitutions during a match?
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What happens before a hockey match begins to determine the starting conditions?
What happens before a hockey match begins to determine the starting conditions?
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What is the primary purpose of the loose dribble technique?
What is the primary purpose of the loose dribble technique?
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Which skill involves lifting and manipulating the ball in the air to avoid a tackle?
Which skill involves lifting and manipulating the ball in the air to avoid a tackle?
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Which shooting technique requires keeping a backswing no higher than the middle of the chest?
Which shooting technique requires keeping a backswing no higher than the middle of the chest?
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What is a key component of performing the flick shot in field hockey?
What is a key component of performing the flick shot in field hockey?
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How should a player position their hands when trapping the ball?
How should a player position their hands when trapping the ball?
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What is the aim of the pop shot in field hockey?
What is the aim of the pop shot in field hockey?
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What advantage does the push pass shot provide over other shooting techniques?
What advantage does the push pass shot provide over other shooting techniques?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of jinks in field hockey?
Which of the following is NOT a component of jinks in field hockey?
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What circumstances award a penalty corner for an offence by a defender in the circle?
What circumstances award a penalty corner for an offence by a defender in the circle?
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Which of the following results in a penalty stroke being awarded?
Which of the following results in a penalty stroke being awarded?
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What is the required distance from the goal line for the attacking player during a penalty stroke?
What is the required distance from the goal line for the attacking player during a penalty stroke?
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What happens if the ball touches a defending player's feet in the circle?
What happens if the ball touches a defending player's feet in the circle?
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Which statement accurately describes an infringement during a penalty stroke?
Which statement accurately describes an infringement during a penalty stroke?
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What must the goalkeeper do before a penalty stroke is taken?
What must the goalkeeper do before a penalty stroke is taken?
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Under what condition is a 15 m free hit awarded after a penalty stroke?
Under what condition is a 15 m free hit awarded after a penalty stroke?
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When is a special 16-yard hit awarded to the defending team?
When is a special 16-yard hit awarded to the defending team?
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What is required for a free hit that is not a self-pass before it can be played by a teammate?
What is required for a free hit that is not a self-pass before it can be played by a teammate?
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How far must all other players be from a free hit while it is being taken?
How far must all other players be from a free hit while it is being taken?
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What happens when an attacking player commits an offense in the defending team's shooting circle?
What happens when an attacking player commits an offense in the defending team's shooting circle?
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What is the duration of suspension for a player receiving a green card?
What is the duration of suspension for a player receiving a green card?
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What is the maximum time a player can be suspended for receiving a yellow card?
What is the maximum time a player can be suspended for receiving a yellow card?
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How many yards long is a standard field hockey pitch?
How many yards long is a standard field hockey pitch?
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What occurs when a player receives a red card during a match?
What occurs when a player receives a red card during a match?
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In field hockey, what are the dimensions of the playing field in metric units?
In field hockey, what are the dimensions of the playing field in metric units?
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What is the primary responsibility of the attackers in hockey?
What is the primary responsibility of the attackers in hockey?
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How many players are typically positioned as midfielders in a hockey team?
How many players are typically positioned as midfielders in a hockey team?
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What is the function of the reserve umpire in a hockey match?
What is the function of the reserve umpire in a hockey match?
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Where is the goal line located in relation to the goal posts?
Where is the goal line located in relation to the goal posts?
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In a 4-3-3 hockey formation, which line consists of attackers?
In a 4-3-3 hockey formation, which line consists of attackers?
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What is typically required from midfielders in hockey?
What is typically required from midfielders in hockey?
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How many umpires are generally appointed for a hockey match?
How many umpires are generally appointed for a hockey match?
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What is the diameter of the penalty spots marked on the field?
What is the diameter of the penalty spots marked on the field?
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Study Notes
History of Hockey
- Crude forms of hockey were played in Egypt, Ethiopia, and Iran thousands of years ago.
- Evidence suggests the game was played by the Romans, Greeks, and Aztecs.
- Modern hockey emerged in England in the mid-18th century.
- The first hockey association was formed in the UK in 1876.
- The Fédération Internationale de Hockey (FIH) was formalized in 1982 and is the current international governing body.
- The FIH consists of five Continental Associations and 137 National Associations.
History of Hockey in South Africa
- Men's hockey among the unenfranchised was played in South Africa as early as 1948.
- The Western Province Men's Hockey Union formed a committee in 1962 to develop a constitution and elect officials.
- The South African Hockey Association (SAHA) was established in 1992 to regulate both men's and women's hockey.
How the Game is Played
- The objective is to score by hitting a ball into the opponent's goal using a stick.
- A point is awarded for each goal.
- The team with the most goals at the end of the game wins.
- The ball can only be passed using a stick.
- The goalkeeper is the only player allowed to touch the ball with their hands and feet.
Rules and Regulations
- Each team has 11 players: 1 goalkeeper and 10 outfield players.
- A maximum of 5 substitutes can be on the bench.
- Rolling substitutions allow players to return to the field after being substituted out.
- The coin toss determines which team chooses to defend or have possession first.
Loose Dribble
- A dribbling technique where the stick continually taps the ball forward while running.
- This technique allows for faster ball advancement.
Indian Dribble
- A dribbling technique where the ball is pushed flat to the left and right using the stick.
- It involves alternating directional pushes for control and movement.
Elimination Skills
- These skills aim to evade tackles and take control of the ball.
- 3D Air Dribble: Lifting and manipulating the ball in the air to avoid a tackle.
- Pop: Hitting the ball into the ground at a 60-degree angle to make it pop over a flat stick tackle.
- Jinks: Rolling the ball in one direction, then lifting it up and over a tackle using the momentum of the roll.
Shooting
- The skill of propelling the ball to score a goal by passing the goalkeeper.
- Drives: A powerful shot with a backswing to the chest and a follow-through pointed at the goal.
- Slap Shot: A shot with a half backswing and a slight opening of the stick face for lift.
- Flick Shot: A less powerful shot that involves tilting the stick to flick the ball upward.
- Push Pass Shot: A shot without a backswing that relies on body strength for power.
Trapping
- The skill of slowing down a ball for control before passing or dribbling.
- Step 1: Keep the stick low with a relaxed grip, bend from the knees, and position hands about 30cm apart.
- Step 2: Bend knees to absorb the ball against the stick while keeping hands relaxed.
Penalty Corner
- Awarded for specific offenses committed by the defending team in the circle.
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Offenses:
- Preventing a clear-cut scoring opportunity.
- Intentional offenses against an opponent without possession.
- Intentional offenses outside the circle but within the 25-yard area.
- Playing the ball over the back-line.
- Ball becoming lodged in a player's clothing or equipment.
- Ball touching the defending team's feet in the circle.
Penalty Stroke
- A one-on-one situation between an attacker and the goalkeeper.
- Taken from a spot 6.4 meters (7.0 yards) in front of the goal.
- The attacker must play the ball at goal using a "push, flick or scoop" motion.
- Only one play of the ball is allowed.
- The goalkeeper cannot move their feet until the ball is played.
- A goal is scored if the ball fully crosses the goal line.
Infringements Leading to a Penalty Stroke
- Offenses committed by the defending team in the circle that prevent a clear-cut scoring chance.
- Intentional offenses against an opponent with possession or an opportunity to play the ball.
Free Hit
- Awarded to the opposing team when a foul occurs on the field.
- Taken near the spot where the violation occurred.
- A special kind of free hit, the 16-yard hit, is awarded to the defending team under specific circumstances.
- The ball must move at least one meter before being played by a teammate.
- All other players must be 5 yards away.
Infringements Leading to a Free Hit
- Offenses between the 25-yard areas.
- Offenses by the attacking team within their opponent's 25-yard area.
- Unintentional offenses by the defending team outside the circle but within their 25-yard area.
- 16-yard hit: When the attacking team commits an offense in the defending team's shooting circle or is the last to touch the ball that goes over the defending team's goal line.
Personal Penalties for Infringements
- Green Card: A two-minute temporary suspension.
- Yellow Card: A 5-10 minute temporary suspension.
- Red Card: Permanent suspension from the match.
- Suspended players must remain in a designated area until authorized to return.
- Suspended teams play with one fewer player for the duration of the penalty.
Playing Field Dimensions and Layout
- 100 yards long (91.4m) and 60 yards wide (55m).
- Three lines across the width: two 25-yard lines and a half-way line.
- A 4-yard wide goal in the middle of each end line.
- A 16-yard line marks the goal shooting semi-circle area.
- Penalty spots are 7 yards from the goal line.
Playing Positions and Structure
- Teams utilize formations similar to soccer, such as 4-3-3 or 3-3-4.
- Attackers: Right wing, center forward, and left wing; responsible for scoring from opportunities.
- Midfielders: Right mid, center mid, and left mid; play offense and defense, supporting both attackers and defenders.
- Defenders: Right half, center half, and left half; responsible for preventing scoring opportunities from the opposing team.
- Goalkeeper: Positioned behind the defenders in the circle.
Officials in Hockey
- Umpires: Two umpires control decisions on their respective half of the field.
- Reserve Umpire: Appointed as a backup for injury or other issues.
- Video Umpire: Appointed for international competitions to assist in reviewing decisions.
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Description
Explore the rich history of hockey from its ancient origins in Egypt and Greece to its formal establishment in the UK. Dive into the development of hockey in South Africa, including the formation of significant hockey associations. Additionally, understand the rules and objectives that define how the game is played today.
