Questions and Answers
What was the Armory Show?
The first art show in the U.S., organized by the Ashcan School in 1913.
What is the purpose of the Rural Electrification Administration?
To provide electricity to rural areas.
What did the Works Progress Administration (WPA) do?
It employed millions of people to carry out public works projects.
What was the Federal Art Project?
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The Container Corporation of America (CCA) was founded in _____
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Who coined the term 'graphic design'?
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What was Lester Beall known for?
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Study Notes
Armory Show
- First U.S. art show in 1913, organized by the Ashcan School.
- Introduced American audiences to European Impressionist and Post-Impressionist art.
- Sparked a modernist revolution in American art.
Rural Electrification Administration
- Established in 1935 under President Roosevelt’s New Deal.
- Aimed to provide electricity to rural areas and promote nonprofit farm cooperatives.
- Offered loans to farmers for power line installation, enhancing electrical service and telephone access.
Works Progress Administration (WPA)
- The largest New Deal agency, renamed in 1939 and employed millions during the Great Depression.
- Created approximately 9 million jobs in public works, including infrastructure projects.
- Federal Project Number One involved artists, musicians, and writers in various arts and media projects.
Federal Art Project
- Operated from 1935 to 1943, produced over 200,000 works including murals and paintings.
- A division of the WPA, aimed to hire unemployed artists.
- Focused on creating artworks for public buildings and sponsoring art-education programs.
Container Corporation of America (CCA)
- Founded in 1926, specialized in corrugated box manufacturing.
- Led by Walter P. Paepcke, who promoted design as both functional and culturally significant.
- Emphasized interpreting great ideas of Western culture such as liberty and justice through design.
William Addison Dwiggins
- Coined the term "graphic design" in 1922.
- Renowned book designer for Alfred A. Knopf, created a distinctive house style.
- Developed notable typefaces, including Caledonia, and stood out for innovative book design practices.
Lester Beall
- Self-taught designer who emerged during the Depression, created impactful visual forms.
- Integrated Jan Tschichold's new typography and Dada movement's principles in his work.
- Designed influential posters for the Rural Electrification Administration, known for their modernist aesthetic and political messaging.
- Often combined bold color planes and simple signs with photography, appealing to both literate and illiterate audiences.
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Description
Explore the key concepts from Chapter 17 of the History of Graphic Design. This set of flashcards covers important events and agencies that shaped modern art in America, including the Armory Show and the Rural Electrification Administration. Perfect for students looking to deepen their understanding of design history.
