History of Graphic Design Unit 3 Chapter 12

Study Notes

The Glasgow School (The Four)

Emerged in the early 1890s at the Glasgow School of Art, influencing Scottish artists.
Key members included Charles Rennie Mackintosh, J. Herbert McNair, and sisters Margaret and Frances Macdonald.
Collaborations led to personal relationships; McNair married Frances in 1899, followed by Mackintosh marrying Margaret.
Developed a unique style combining floral and curvilinear elements with geometric composition.
Notable for symbolic imagery and bold, simple lines that defined flat planes of color.
Mackintosh's work, such as the Scottish Musical Review poster, introduced abstract interpretations of human figures in Scotland, causing public outrage.
Talwin Morris, art director at Blackie's publishing firm, embraced Glasgow School ideas, producing mass-market publications that showcased new design concepts.
The Glasgow School also included groups like the Glasgow Girls and Glasgow Boys, collectively known as "the Four" and influential in the broader art world.

Sezessionstil (The Vienna Secession)

Formed on April 3, 1897, when younger members of the Künstlerhaus resigned in protest over exclusionary exhibition practices.
The movement was a reaction against traditional artistic norms and sought greater exhibition opportunities for innovative art.
Gustav Klimt was a pivotal figure in the founding of the Vienna Secession, guiding its vision for modern art.
Key contributors included architects Joseph Maria Olbrich, Josef Hoffmann, and designer Koloman Moser.
The Secession was a countermovement to prevailing Art Nouveau styles, emphasizing new directions in art.

Ver Sacrum (Sacred Spring)

Published from 1898 to 1903, Ver Sacrum was a key publication during the Vienna Secession's heyday.
Functioned as a design laboratory rather than a conventional magazine, with a collaborative and rotating staff of artists.
Focused on experimental graphic design and the integration of text, illustration, and ornamentation.
In 1900, it had a modest subscription of three hundred, illustrating its niche yet innovative impact.
The magazine had a unique square format, ranging from 28 by 28.5 centimeters to smaller dimensions in later issues, showcasing the artistic evolution within its pages.

Description

Explore the fascinating influences of The Glasgow School on graphic design through this quiz. Learn about key figures like Charles Rennie Mackintosh and the impact of their work on Scottish artists in the early 20th century. Perfect for those studying design history!