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Questions and Answers
Who is credited with establishing the Henry Classification System?
What principle is Locard known for in forensic science?
What year did Edmond Locard assist in solving the Marie Latelle case?
Which of the following figures emphasized the use of the scientific method in crime scene investigation?
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What is the correct order of the steps in the scientific method as mentioned?
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What method did Alphonse Bertillon officially implement in 1883 for criminal identification?
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How did Edmond Locard's education differ from that of his predecessor Lacassagne?
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Which figure is known for recognizing the role of science in determining legal outcomes and published a significant handbook in criminology?
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Which methodology did Alphonse Bertillon develop for criminal identification?
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Who is credited with developing key methodologies for examining crime scenes in the late 1800s and early 1900s?
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Which of the following was NOT one of the contributors to forms of classification and identification mentioned in the late 1800s?
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Which statement best describes the acceptance and usage of the Bertillonage method?
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Which of the following individuals is known for his work in the field of criminology and had a significant impact on criminalistics?
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Who is considered the founder of American criminalistics?
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What major advancement in forensic science did Alec Jeffreys contribute to?
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Which laboratory was the first established in Canada?
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What is a primary function of scientists working in crime labs?
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What does accreditation of forensic laboratories ensure?
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Who established the first dedicated forensic laboratory in France?
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Which protocol is essential for maintaining the integrity of evidence in a crime lab?
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What is a significant feature of full-service forensic laboratories?
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What was one of the first structured law enforcement systems in Europe developed in the 13th century?
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Which of the following accurately describes the 'Thief takers' established by Henry Fielding?
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Which philosopher is associated with the idea that criminals are born to commit crimes due to biological deviance?
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What role did the French Sûreté, founded by Eugène François Vidocq, primarily focus on?
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What significant legal development is credited to Ancient Babylon?
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What method of punishment became prominent during the early Middle Ages after the collapse of the Roman Empire?
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Which term describes the responsibilities of law enforcement among ancient Hebrews?
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Which of the following was a notable feature of the Twelve Tables of Roman law?
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When was the Metropolitan Police of London established?
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What societal factor do positivist criminologists attribute to the existence of crime?
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What formal methods of social control emerged in Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire?
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Which of the following describes the 'Office of Sheriff' from the 13th century?
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Which of the following was NOT an enforcement method used by the English in the 13th century?
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What was the role of the Bow Street Runners introduced in the 18th century?
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Study Notes
History of Forensic Science and Crime Scene Investigation
- Forensic science emerged as a career field around 1248 in China; it is interdisciplinary, involving various fields relevant to crime scene investigation.
- Early systems of ‘kin policing’ required clan members to address crimes collectively, imposing sanctions on violators.
- In ancient Hebrew societies, law enforcement was the responsibility of appointed leaders, continuing into Roman rule.
- The ‘Laws of Hammurabi’ from ancient Babylon (circa 1700 B.C.) codified laws, establishing one of the earliest comprehensive judicial systems.
Development of Legal Frameworks
- Romans enacted their first written laws, known as the Twelve Tables, detailing rights, legal procedures, property regulations, and crime punishments.
- Following the collapse of the Roman Empire, formal law enforcement diminished, leading to punitive measures like trial by ordeal and combat.
- By the 13th century, emerging European powers began developing structured law enforcement systems, initiating crime classification and defining the legal age of reason.
Early Policing Developments
- Henry Fielding established the Bow Street Runners in London (1750), marking the first professional police force.
- London’s Metropolitan Police was formed in 1829, followed by an investigative unit in 1842.
- The French Sûreté was founded in 1810 by Eugène François Vidocq, emphasizing undercover investigations and preventative roles.
Advances in Criminology and Criminalistics
- Criminology focuses on social causes of crime, whereas criminalistics emphasizes the analysis and identification of forensic evidence.
- Cesare Lombroso (1835-1909) theorized that criminals are biologically predisposed to crime; Alexandre Lacassagne (1843-1924) attributed crime to social conditions.
Key Figures in Forensic History
- Alphonse Bertillon (1853-1914) developed a systematic criminal identification method called anthropometry, implemented in 1883.
- Edmond Locard (1877-1966) is known for Locard's Exchange Principle, indicating material transfer between contact objects, and established the first forensic lab in France.
- Sir Edward Richard Henry (1850-1931) created the Henry Classification System for fingerprints, a pivotal advancement in forensic identification.
- Paul Kirk (1902-1970), foundational in American criminalistics, highlighted the significance of physical evidence in investigations.
Establishment of Forensic Laboratories in Canada
- The first forensic lab in Canada, Laboratoire de Sciences Judiciaires et de Médicine Légale, was founded in Montreal in 1914 by Dr. Wilfrid Derome.
- Toronto's Lab of the Attorney General, established in 1932, became the Centre of Forensic Sciences in 1966.
Functioning of Crime Laboratories
- Crime lab scientists specialize in analyzing evidence and providing expert testimony in court.
- Full-service labs operate under established protocols ensuring the integrity of their analyses and may obtain accreditation from recognized bodies, upholding quality assurance.
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Description
Explore the evolution of forensic science and the development of legal frameworks from ancient civilizations. This quiz covers significant milestones in crime scene investigation and the legal systems that shaped modern law enforcement. Test your knowledge of historical practices and their impact on contemporary forensic methodologies.
