History of Forensic Photography Chapter 2

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The early cave paintings of the Upper Paleolithic period can be considered as the earliest creation of pictorial _______________.

recording

The history of imaging begins with the __________________, the first pinhole camera.

camera obscura

Hassan bin al Haitham is considered by Robert C.Sanders as the most likely Arab scholar to write about the camera obscura in the year __________________.

1038

Girolamo Cardano added a __________________ to the camera obscura in 1550.

lens

Giovanni Jean Hellot may have been the first one to use the word __________________, which means writing with light.

photography

Thomas Wedgwood made the first known attempt to use a photographic process to take a photograph with a __________________ in 1795.

camera obscura

Roger Bacon is credited by some authors as one of the first to describe the __________________ in 1267.

camera obscura

Leonardo da Vinci is credited by some authors as one of the first to describe the __________________ in 1490.

camera obscura

In the 1200s, simple _______________ lenses were introduced.

glass

In 1472, Leonardo da Vinci discovered the multicolored nature of _______________ light.

white

In 1676, J.C. Sturm invented a portable camera _______________ with reflex mirror and focusing lens.

obscura

In 1777, Sir Isaac Newton published _______________ in which he presented his discoveries in optics.

Opticks

In 1758, John Dolland invented the _______________ lens.

achromatic

In 1725, C.W. Scheele discovered that blackening of Silver _______________ in the violet and the blue of the Spectrum is quicker than by other colors.

chloride

In 1800, Sir John F.W. Herschel discovered _______________ radiation.

infrared

J. Nicéphore Niépce discovered that camera photographs on paper are sensitized with _______________ chloride.

silver

Nicéphore Niépce discovered copying of engravings on _________, zinc, and pewter sensitized with bitumen.

glass

In 1839, Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre invented the _______, the first commercially successful photographic process.

daguerreotype

The _________ and use of silver combined with iodine were in basis of every major camera process of the 19th century.

latent image

In 1839, William Henry Fox Talbot invented the _______, a silver chloride-coated light-sensitive paper.

calotype

The calotype paper negative process was fixed with strong _________ solution.

salt

The Paris police department became the first agency to use _________ mug shots in 1841.

daguerreotype

Sir George G. Stokes discovered the _________ fluorescence in 1852.

UV

The Stokes’ Law is the fundamental theoretical basis of all fluorescent photography currently used in _________ enforcement.

law

Study Notes

Pre-Photographic History

  • Earliest creation of pictorial recording dates back to 35,000 years ago through cave paintings in the Upper Paleolithic period.
  • Camera obscura, the first pinhole camera, was described by Arab scholar Hassan bin al Haitham in 1038.
  • Other contributors to the development of camera obscura include Roger Bacon (1267) and Leonardo da Vinci (1490).
  • Girolamo Cardano added a lens to the camera obscura in 1550.
  • Giovanni Jean Hellot added lenses and curved mirrors to produce an upright image in 1558 and possibly used the word "photography".
  • Thomas Wedgwood attempted to use a photographic process to take a photograph with a camera obscura in 1795, but failed due to underexposure and inability to fix the image.

Key Events in Pre-Photographic History

  • 1200s: Simple glass lenses were introduced.
  • 1472: Leonardo da Vinci discovered the multicolored nature of white light.
  • 1676: J.C. Sturm invented a portable camera obscura with reflex mirror and focusing lens.
  • 1777: Sir Isaac Newton published Opticks, and J.H. Schulze experimented on light sensitivity of silver salts.
  • 1758: John Dolland invented the achromatic lens.
  • 1704: G.C. Lichtenberg developed electrostatic discharge patterns with dry powder.
  • 1725: C.W. Scheele discovered that blackening of silver chloride in the violet and blue spectrum is quicker than by other colors.
  • 1800: Sir John F.W. Herschel discovered infrared radiation, and T.Wedgwood and H. Davy discovered contact copying of silhouettes on leather sensitized with silver nitrate.

Development of Photography

  • 1839: Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre invented the daguerreotype, the first commercially successful photographic process.
  • 1839: William Henry Fox Talbot invented the calotype, a silver chloride-coated light-sensitive paper.
  • 1841: Talbot patented the calotype and improved the process using gallic acid and silver nitrate solution with a hypo fixer.
  • 1844: The calotype paper negative process evolved into the photographic negative printing process still used today.

Forensic Photography

  • 1841: The Paris police department became the first agency to use daguerreotype mug shots.
  • 1852: Sir George G. Stokes discovered UV fluorescence, leading to the formulation of Stoke's Law as the fundamental theoretical basis of all fluorescent photography currently used in law enforcement.

Learn about the pre-photographic history of forensic photography, from ancient cave paintings to the development of modern forensic techniques.

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