History of Forensic Photography Chapter 2
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Questions and Answers

The early cave paintings of the Upper Paleolithic period can be considered as the earliest creation of pictorial _______________.

recording

The history of imaging begins with the __________________, the first pinhole camera.

camera obscura

Hassan bin al Haitham is considered by Robert C.Sanders as the most likely Arab scholar to write about the camera obscura in the year __________________.

1038

Girolamo Cardano added a __________________ to the camera obscura in 1550.

<p>lens</p> Signup and view all the answers

Giovanni Jean Hellot may have been the first one to use the word __________________, which means writing with light.

<p>photography</p> Signup and view all the answers

Thomas Wedgwood made the first known attempt to use a photographic process to take a photograph with a __________________ in 1795.

<p>camera obscura</p> Signup and view all the answers

Roger Bacon is credited by some authors as one of the first to describe the __________________ in 1267.

<p>camera obscura</p> Signup and view all the answers

Leonardo da Vinci is credited by some authors as one of the first to describe the __________________ in 1490.

<p>camera obscura</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the 1200s, simple _______________ lenses were introduced.

<p>glass</p> Signup and view all the answers

In 1472, Leonardo da Vinci discovered the multicolored nature of _______________ light.

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

In 1676, J.C. Sturm invented a portable camera _______________ with reflex mirror and focusing lens.

<p>obscura</p> Signup and view all the answers

In 1777, Sir Isaac Newton published _______________ in which he presented his discoveries in optics.

<p>Opticks</p> Signup and view all the answers

In 1758, John Dolland invented the _______________ lens.

<p>achromatic</p> Signup and view all the answers

In 1725, C.W. Scheele discovered that blackening of Silver _______________ in the violet and the blue of the Spectrum is quicker than by other colors.

<p>chloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

In 1800, Sir John F.W. Herschel discovered _______________ radiation.

<p>infrared</p> Signup and view all the answers

J. Nicéphore Niépce discovered that camera photographs on paper are sensitized with _______________ chloride.

<p>silver</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nicéphore Niépce discovered copying of engravings on _________, zinc, and pewter sensitized with bitumen.

<p>glass</p> Signup and view all the answers

In 1839, Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre invented the _______, the first commercially successful photographic process.

<p>daguerreotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

The _________ and use of silver combined with iodine were in basis of every major camera process of the 19th century.

<p>latent image</p> Signup and view all the answers

In 1839, William Henry Fox Talbot invented the _______, a silver chloride-coated light-sensitive paper.

<p>calotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

The calotype paper negative process was fixed with strong _________ solution.

<p>salt</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Paris police department became the first agency to use _________ mug shots in 1841.

<p>daguerreotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sir George G. Stokes discovered the _________ fluorescence in 1852.

<p>UV</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Stokes’ Law is the fundamental theoretical basis of all fluorescent photography currently used in _________ enforcement.

<p>law</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Pre-Photographic History

  • Earliest creation of pictorial recording dates back to 35,000 years ago through cave paintings in the Upper Paleolithic period.
  • Camera obscura, the first pinhole camera, was described by Arab scholar Hassan bin al Haitham in 1038.
  • Other contributors to the development of camera obscura include Roger Bacon (1267) and Leonardo da Vinci (1490).
  • Girolamo Cardano added a lens to the camera obscura in 1550.
  • Giovanni Jean Hellot added lenses and curved mirrors to produce an upright image in 1558 and possibly used the word "photography".
  • Thomas Wedgwood attempted to use a photographic process to take a photograph with a camera obscura in 1795, but failed due to underexposure and inability to fix the image.

Key Events in Pre-Photographic History

  • 1200s: Simple glass lenses were introduced.
  • 1472: Leonardo da Vinci discovered the multicolored nature of white light.
  • 1676: J.C. Sturm invented a portable camera obscura with reflex mirror and focusing lens.
  • 1777: Sir Isaac Newton published Opticks, and J.H. Schulze experimented on light sensitivity of silver salts.
  • 1758: John Dolland invented the achromatic lens.
  • 1704: G.C. Lichtenberg developed electrostatic discharge patterns with dry powder.
  • 1725: C.W. Scheele discovered that blackening of silver chloride in the violet and blue spectrum is quicker than by other colors.
  • 1800: Sir John F.W. Herschel discovered infrared radiation, and T.Wedgwood and H. Davy discovered contact copying of silhouettes on leather sensitized with silver nitrate.

Development of Photography

  • 1839: Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre invented the daguerreotype, the first commercially successful photographic process.
  • 1839: William Henry Fox Talbot invented the calotype, a silver chloride-coated light-sensitive paper.
  • 1841: Talbot patented the calotype and improved the process using gallic acid and silver nitrate solution with a hypo fixer.
  • 1844: The calotype paper negative process evolved into the photographic negative printing process still used today.

Forensic Photography

  • 1841: The Paris police department became the first agency to use daguerreotype mug shots.
  • 1852: Sir George G. Stokes discovered UV fluorescence, leading to the formulation of Stoke's Law as the fundamental theoretical basis of all fluorescent photography currently used in law enforcement.

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Learn about the pre-photographic history of forensic photography, from ancient cave paintings to the development of modern forensic techniques.

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