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The early cave paintings of the Upper Paleolithic period can be considered as the earliest creation of pictorial _______________.
recording
The history of imaging begins with the __________________, the first pinhole camera.
camera obscura
Hassan bin al Haitham is considered by Robert C.Sanders as the most likely Arab scholar to write about the camera obscura in the year __________________.
1038
Girolamo Cardano added a __________________ to the camera obscura in 1550.
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Giovanni Jean Hellot may have been the first one to use the word __________________, which means writing with light.
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Thomas Wedgwood made the first known attempt to use a photographic process to take a photograph with a __________________ in 1795.
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Roger Bacon is credited by some authors as one of the first to describe the __________________ in 1267.
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Leonardo da Vinci is credited by some authors as one of the first to describe the __________________ in 1490.
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In the 1200s, simple _______________ lenses were introduced.
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In 1472, Leonardo da Vinci discovered the multicolored nature of _______________ light.
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In 1676, J.C. Sturm invented a portable camera _______________ with reflex mirror and focusing lens.
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In 1777, Sir Isaac Newton published _______________ in which he presented his discoveries in optics.
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In 1758, John Dolland invented the _______________ lens.
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In 1725, C.W. Scheele discovered that blackening of Silver _______________ in the violet and the blue of the Spectrum is quicker than by other colors.
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In 1800, Sir John F.W. Herschel discovered _______________ radiation.
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J. Nicéphore Niépce discovered that camera photographs on paper are sensitized with _______________ chloride.
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Nicéphore Niépce discovered copying of engravings on _________, zinc, and pewter sensitized with bitumen.
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In 1839, Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre invented the _______, the first commercially successful photographic process.
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The _________ and use of silver combined with iodine were in basis of every major camera process of the 19th century.
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In 1839, William Henry Fox Talbot invented the _______, a silver chloride-coated light-sensitive paper.
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The calotype paper negative process was fixed with strong _________ solution.
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The Paris police department became the first agency to use _________ mug shots in 1841.
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Sir George G. Stokes discovered the _________ fluorescence in 1852.
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The Stokes’ Law is the fundamental theoretical basis of all fluorescent photography currently used in _________ enforcement.
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Study Notes
Pre-Photographic History
- Earliest creation of pictorial recording dates back to 35,000 years ago through cave paintings in the Upper Paleolithic period.
- Camera obscura, the first pinhole camera, was described by Arab scholar Hassan bin al Haitham in 1038.
- Other contributors to the development of camera obscura include Roger Bacon (1267) and Leonardo da Vinci (1490).
- Girolamo Cardano added a lens to the camera obscura in 1550.
- Giovanni Jean Hellot added lenses and curved mirrors to produce an upright image in 1558 and possibly used the word "photography".
- Thomas Wedgwood attempted to use a photographic process to take a photograph with a camera obscura in 1795, but failed due to underexposure and inability to fix the image.
Key Events in Pre-Photographic History
- 1200s: Simple glass lenses were introduced.
- 1472: Leonardo da Vinci discovered the multicolored nature of white light.
- 1676: J.C. Sturm invented a portable camera obscura with reflex mirror and focusing lens.
- 1777: Sir Isaac Newton published Opticks, and J.H. Schulze experimented on light sensitivity of silver salts.
- 1758: John Dolland invented the achromatic lens.
- 1704: G.C. Lichtenberg developed electrostatic discharge patterns with dry powder.
- 1725: C.W. Scheele discovered that blackening of silver chloride in the violet and blue spectrum is quicker than by other colors.
- 1800: Sir John F.W. Herschel discovered infrared radiation, and T.Wedgwood and H. Davy discovered contact copying of silhouettes on leather sensitized with silver nitrate.
Development of Photography
- 1839: Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre invented the daguerreotype, the first commercially successful photographic process.
- 1839: William Henry Fox Talbot invented the calotype, a silver chloride-coated light-sensitive paper.
- 1841: Talbot patented the calotype and improved the process using gallic acid and silver nitrate solution with a hypo fixer.
- 1844: The calotype paper negative process evolved into the photographic negative printing process still used today.
Forensic Photography
- 1841: The Paris police department became the first agency to use daguerreotype mug shots.
- 1852: Sir George G. Stokes discovered UV fluorescence, leading to the formulation of Stoke's Law as the fundamental theoretical basis of all fluorescent photography currently used in law enforcement.
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Description
Learn about the pre-photographic history of forensic photography, from ancient cave paintings to the development of modern forensic techniques.
