History of Flight Quiz

• Aeronautics is the study of the science, design, and manufacture of flying objects.
• Aviation is the human activity that surrounds aircraft, including manufacturing, marketing, and repair, encompassing the business and practice of flying airplanes and helicopters.

History of Flight

• Wilbur Wright noted that the desire to fly is an age-old human aspiration inspired by watching birds.
• Curiosity is the driving force behind inventions that have enabled humans to fly.

Greek Mythology

• Traditionally, birds have been the inspiration for flight.
• Early ideas suggested that feathers and flapping wings were the key to flight.

Daedalus and Icarus

• Daedalus was a craftsman, and Icarus was his son.

• Imprisioned on the Island of Crete by King Minos, Daedalus made wings of feathers and wax to escape.

• Icarus flew too close to the sun, melting the wax used for the wings, resulting in his fall and death.

• This myth inspired early inventors about the possibility of human flight using flapping wings and feathers.

• Early inventors focused on imitating nature literally.

• Kites, one of the earliest known flying objects, were flown in China over two thousand years ago.

• A legend suggests the kite was invented when a Chinese farmer tied a string to his hat to prevent it from blowing away.

Leonardo Da Vinci

• Da Vinci, an Italian artist and inventor, created designs for flight-related inventions, including the parachute, helicopter, and aircraft.
• He wrote "There is in man [the ability] to sustain himself by the flapping of wings."
• In 1490, Da Vinci drew plans for his flying machine called the "ORNITHOPTER."
• An ornithopter is an aircraft that derives its lift by the flapping or oscillating of wings.

Father Francesco Lana de Terzi (1670)

• De Terzi was an Italian Jesuit mathematician, naturalist, and aeronautics pioneer.
• He proposed an airship design lifted by spheres from which air would be pumped to create a vacuum.
• His book Prodromo detailed the design for this model airship which was projected to be lighter than air.
• The design never progressed due to the inability to create effective vacuum spheres.
• The design was the first concept for a successful human flight.

Montgolfier Brothers

• Joseph and Jacques Montgolfier observed that heat from a fire could propel charred paper upwards.
• They launched the first Montgolfier balloon carrying two passengers on November 21, 1783.
• The first manned flight was airborne for 25 minutes and landed 5 miles from the takeoff point.

Sir George Cayley (1809)

• Cayley made practical and theoretical progress toward heavier-than-air flight.
• He understood the advantages of streamlining.
• Cayley identified the importance of longitudinal and lateral stability (lift and drag).
• He understood the elements of wing design.
• Cayley considered biplane and multiplane wings, and the use of rudders and elevators for control.
• He realized steady wings could produce steady lift, rather than flapping wings.
• By 1799, Cayley had grasped the fundamental issue of heavier-than-air flight.
• Lift had to balance its weight, and thrust had to overcome drag, which must be minimized.
• He is recognized as the Father of Aeronautics for his work in biplane and multiplane wings and the use of rudders and elevators for control

William Henson (1843)

• Henson considered using steam engines in a flying machine.
• He based his ideas on Cayley's published research.
• Henson patented an Aerial Steam Carriage for carrying mail, goods, and people.
• The machine had insufficient power due to its heavy steam engine so was incapable of flight.
• Henson transitioned from glider experimentation to powered flight experimentation

Henri Giffard (1852)

• Giffard designed the first powered and steerable airship to fly.
• The craft had an elongated, hydrogen-filled, tapering envelope with a long beam suspended with a triangular, sail-like rudder at its aft end, and a platform for the pilot and steam engine.
• The airship was designed with a steam engine, and flew 17 miles.
• The Giffard Dirigible was the first powered and steerable airship.
• He steered the craft with a cloth rudder and powered it using coal gas.
• A dirigible is a zeppelin or blimp.

Alphonse Penaud (1870)

• Penaud built the planophore.
• The planophore was the first truly successful automatically stable flying model.
• Penaud originated the use of twisted rubber to power model aircraft.
• The model had a rubber attached to a propeller, providing thrust as it untwined.
• He committed suicide at 30, unable to create a full-sized model with no investor interested.
• His machine introduced key principles: wings curved upwards at the tips (dihedral element) and rear-mounted horizontal stabilizer was set at a smaller angle of incidence than the wings.

Otto Lilienthal (1889)

• Lilienthal began to study the forces acting on wings in the late 1870s.
• He built gliders, flying them from a hill outside Berlin, controlling them by shifting body weight.
• He constructed test equipment to define the wing shape or aerofoil that would give him maximum lift.
• He wrote Birdflight as the Basis of Aviation which laid the foundation for mechanical flight which made "heavier than air" possible.
• Lilienthal designed and built a series of gliders, and made well-documented, repeated gliding flights.
• Lilienthal was killed when one of his gliders stalled and crashed during one of his glider flights.

Octave Chanute (1896)

• His braced multiplane design was a significant aeronautical structure.
• Chanute used the "Trussing System" (from bridge architecture) enabling engineers to calculate the aircraft structure's strength in order to stack several wings to achieve extra lift without adding weight.
• He recorded 700 successful glider flights.
• By 1896, he created the Chanute Glider.
• The Chanute Glider provided Wilbur and Orville Wright with the starting point for their structural designs.

Alberto Santos-Dumont (1901)

• He was inspired by the gas balloons he saw during his visit to Europe in 1891.
• In 1901, he flew the first dirigible that could be controlled.
• He designed, built, and flew the first practical dirigible, demonstrating that routine, controlled flight was possible.
• Santos-Dumont circled the Eiffel Tower in an airship.

Wright Brothers (1903)

• Orville and Wilbur Wright created the first successful airplane, making human flight a reality.
• They made the first powered, sustained, and controlled flight in a heavier-than-air flying machine on December 17, 1903.
• The longest flight lasted 59 seconds, traveling 260 meters (852 feet) in the Wright Flyer.
• Power and Control set a new standard in aviation.

Alberto Santos-Dumont Module 1.2

• He made the first powered heavier-than-air flight in Europe in 1906, three years after the Wright brothers made theirs in the US.
• He flew 220 meters (722 ft.) in the 14bis box-kite aircraft in Bagatelle, Paris.

Paul Cornu

• A French aeronautical engineer, he designed and flew a prototype of a helicopter.
• In 1907, he completed the first manned helicopter flight, hovering one-foot off the ground for 20 seconds.
• Cornu acquired a height of 5 feet and a speed of 6 mph on later flights.

Daily Mail Newspaper

• The newspaper awarded numerous prizes for achievements in aviation
• The first cross-channel flight performed by Louis Bleriot was one of the most famous prizes given.

Louis Bleriot

• He made his fortune in the automobile accessories business before dedicating himself to aviation.
• In 1909, he became world-famous for making the first flight across the English Channel.
• The 22-mile completed flight took 36 minutes and 30 seconds.
• He won 1000 pounds or 7 million pesos and achieved the first international overseas airplane flight.

Harriet Quimby

• Quimby was the first licensed female pilot in America in 1911.
• She was also the first woman to cross the English Channel in 1912.

Military Use of Airplanes September 1911 - October 1912

• Airplanes were introduced for military purposes during the Italian-Turkish War.
• An Italian lieutenant dropped four grenades over a Turkish encampment, in the first use of aircraft for military purposes.

Hugo Junkers

• A German aircraft engineer, created the first all-metal aircraft in 1915, named Junkers J1.
• It paved the way for the transition to using metals instead of wood in manufacturing airplanes.

Barnstormers 1918-1939

• In the aftermath of WW1, Barnstormers soared in popularity.
• Barnstorming is like a flying circus, where a pilot performs tricks and sells airplane rides for entertainment and profit.

Charles A. Lindbergh (1927)

• Lindbergh was the first person to fly solo without stopping across the Atlantic Ocean.
• He took off from New York, landing in Paris using his airplane Spirit of St. Louis.
• His flight took 33 and half hours and he won the Orteig prize worth 25,000 dollars or 18 million pesos.

Aviation 1920-1930

• Giant airships were used for passenger and cargo transport which provided services to the public.

Frank Whittle (1930)

• Whittle was a British Inventor who developed the jet engine.
• The jet engine paved the way for supersonic flights.

Amelia Earhart (1932)

• Earhart was the first woman to fly a solo nonstop trans-Atlantic flight.
• In July 1937, she disappeared over the Pacific during a circumnavigational flight.
• Her disappearance captured the public's imagination, generating many claims and conspiracies, but the plane's wreckage was never found.

Aviation in 1937

• Commercial airship usage ended.
• Douglas DC-3 was introduced and replaced airships
• Its introduction started the modern era of passenger airline service.

Aviation in 1939

• Germany used the Heinkel 178, the first jet-powered aircraft, nine years after the invention of the jet engine.

Aviation in 1944

• World War II was a catalyst for the development of airplanes.
• The U.S. government extended an invitation to attend an International Civil Aviation Conference in Chicago.
• The Chicago Convention created the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).
• The convention also establishes rules of aerospace, safety, aircraft registration, and details the rights of the signatories in relation to air travel.

Charles "Chuck" E. Yeager (1947)

• Yeager was the first pilot to break the sound barrier in the Bell X-1, the first supersonic aircraft.
• The Mach number measures an object's speed compared to the speed of sound.

Mach Aircraft Speed is Divided Into 4 Groups:

• Subsonic is any speed slower than the speed of sound.
• Transonic means breaking the sound barrier traveling 760 mph moving from subsonic to supersonic.
• Supersonic is a speed over 770 mph.
• Hypersonic is an object speed that is 5 times faster than the speed of sound, 5,000 to 6,000 mph.

De Havilland Comet (1952)

• The World's First Commercial Jet Airliner debuted in 1952.
• After debut, many planes crashed including thirteen fatal crashes resulting in 426 fatalities causing the company to shut down and file bankruptcy.

Aeroflot (1956)

• Aeroflot was the first airline in the world to operate sustained regular jet services.
• Russian Airlines began at this period, and is still in operation today.

Aviation in 1960

• The Boeing 747 was introduced into service transforming the scale of long-distance passenger flight, carrying 3 or 4X as many passengers as previous jet airliners.
• It ushered in the age of mass air travel.
• The Boeing 747 was the first jumbo jet

Voyager (1986)

• Voyager was the first aircraft to fly around the world non-stop, without stopping or refueling.
• Richard “Dick” Rutan and Jeana Yeager piloted the Voyager on its record-breaking flight.
• The flight took 9 days, 3 mins, and 44 secs, taking off and landing in Edwards Airbase, California

September 11, 1995

• NASA launched the Pathfinder.
• It reached an altitude of 50,500 feet, setting a new altitude record for solar-powered aircraft.

Philippine Aviation (Module 2)

• 1909: First Flying Object
• During the early American colonial period, the Manila Carnival was an annual celebration of the harmonious U.S. and Philippine relations.
• The Manila Carnival displayed the commercial, industrial, and agricultural progress of the Philippines.
• C. F. Marquez performed an exhibition flight during the 2nd Manila Carnival.
• C. F. Marquez and his hot air balloon were seen as the first flying object or AIR aircraft in the Philippines.
• Marquez was the first to fly in the Philippines.

First Powered Flight (1911)

• During the Manila carnival celebration, troops from the U.S. arrived in the Philippines to perform a Flight Exhibition in the Pacific.
• Captain Thomas C. Baldwin organized the tour.
• Captain Baldwin’s attempt to complete the first flight failed due to technical issues of his Red Devil Biplane.
• James “Bud" Mars was called in to fill Capt. Baldwin's place to complete the first powered flight.

James Mars

• He completed the first powered filght flight in his Shriver Skylark.
• Capt. Baldwin fixed the Red Devil Biplane later that day, and performed a 10-mile cross country flight in Manila

First Passenger (1912)

• Gov. Walter F Hare. brought a group of 120 tribesmen from to the city to see the flying machine in the Manila Carnival.
• Gov. Hare convinced Lee Hammond to let one of the tribesmen join him in the flight.
• Igodot Chief Gagaban was the passenger for the flight on the Red Devil Biplane.
• The flight was a success, officially making Chieftain Gagaban the first Filipino passenger.

First Government Aviation Unit (1917)

• Under Militia Act, Philippine National Guard was created.
• Under Section 26, the Phillipine National Guard would have an aviation section.

Aviation Training (1918)

• After the creation of the PNG, filipino volunteers were selected to study becoming pilots.
• The recruits were sent to Fort Mills on Corregidor for Ground Schooling.

Francis Burton Harrison

• As Governor-General, he requested and was denied flight schooling of the PNG in America.
• He commissioned The Curtiss School Of Aviation to provide flight training to 33 students at Camp Klaudio in Paranaque.
• There were ten Philippine Constabulary Officers and 23 Recruits from the Philippine National Guard.
• The Philippine Consabulary is the police force, which dates back to the American colonial government.

First Aviatrix in the Philippines (1919)

• Ruth Law was the first woman pilot to fly in the Phillippines skies.
• Invited by president, Manuel Quezon, and Sergio Osmena of the Aero Club of the Philippines, delivered first airmail.

First Airline of the Philippines (1919)

• Businessmen Joseph E.H. Stevenot and Alfred J. Croft opened the first Airline in the Philippines(PASI)
• Philippine Airways, Service Inc., catered flights using Curtiss Seagull to Manila, Cebu and Iloilo.

First Filipino Solo Aviator (1920)

• The first flight from camp Claudio over Manila on Curtiss Jenny made by L.T. Leoncio Malinao in a first ever solo flight was the first Filipino military aviator.
• Enrolled at Curtiss School of Aviation, Alfredo Carmelo piloted Curtiss Seagull alone over Manila Bay, Jan. 9, earning the title "First Filipino Solo Aviator".

Jose Tinsay

• He offered the first chartered service (now known as Charered Flights).
• Chartered service means unpublished or unscheduled flights using Curtiss Oriole Airplane, flying from iloilo to Bacolod and vice versa.

First Military Airbase (1922)

• Named Camp Nichols was built and then renamed Villamor Airbase to remember fighter pilot, Jesus A. Villamor, who fought the Japanese in WWII.

Philippine Aviation in 1930

• Foreign businessmen created Philppine Aerial Taxi Company (PATCO).
• Flying to Manila and Baguio City, Patco was the first airline to launch a scheduled service.

Aviation Regulation Formulation (1931)

• Due to incoming influx of airplanes to the Phillippines, the government passed Legislative Act no. 3909 that created an office under Departmant of Commerce and Communication that regulated air traffic matters.

First Filipino Owned Airline (1932)

• Lopez family created Iloilo Negros Air Express Company, also known as INAEC, which served domestic routes to Bacolod, Cebu, Davao, Del Monte, and Manila.

Birth of of Philippine Air force (1934)

• Created under commander Basilico J. Valdez who was in charge of of Phillippine Constabulary, legislation passed allowing the aviation unit to exist.

The Philippine Constabulary Air Corps Legislation

• Also responsible to assist peacekeeping duties, reconnaisance, fighting locusts, and assistanting customs official.

Philppine Aviation in 1940's

• In 1940, PATCO filed bankrupcy and in 1941 Andres Soriano and Ramon J. Ferndandez reorganized and renamed from PATCO and became Phillipines Air Lines.

Aviation timeline 1941-1945

• WW2 reached Philippines, so PAL and INAEC were requested to use airplanes for war endeavors.
• After, INAEC was rebuilt to transport Inc. and became the first international airline Service.

Lopez Brothers(1947)

• Sold FEATI, which was merged to PILLIPINES air lines.

REPUBLIC Act no. 7.76 in Aviation (1952)

• REPUBLIC Act no. 7.76 reorganized civil aeronautics board and civil aeronautics administration permits, flights and fares.

Republic Act 2232 (1959)

• P.A.L. was given permision to fly the Phillipine flag as there Logo which became air lines legacy (flagship carrier).

Aviation 1960

• In domestic air trraveel P.A.L. became a monopoly, because of *Pres. Ferdinand Marcos's power by virtue.
• Martial Law ordered forecolsoure of 2 other airlines: Fillipinas Orient Air Lines and Air Manila Inc. was under fuel for crisis war.

Bassa Airforce Community College (1967)

• Base run by The armed Forced with the porpuse to educate, it later was renamed and only state of college in Phillipins offering degrees.

Domestic Airline Cometition 1989-1996

• Aerilift cases operation due to aircraft addicent.
• Similar to Aero lift Star Asia filed bankrupcy after operating 3 years.
• Same with great Air, it seized operation under credit.
• There is cebu pacific which is still operating by Lance Gokongwei.

More Domestic Airline Cometition 1996-2006

• Asia Air Spirit rebranded to Asia zest.
• After, Sia air took over with holdings with Cebu pacific and Cebgot ook over brand of Cebu Pacific.

Aviation Community Lecture 3

• Aviation: the human activity that surrounds aircraft and divided into 2 major divisions: Civil and Military
• Civil aviation Activities are sub categorized, under the ICAO, into comerical air transport and civil with aeral work
• Under the word, aircraft offer to to those who don't work in military.

Category of Civil Aviation Air Transport

• Comercial Air Transport is paying for travel from point A to point B.
• Schedule services is flights scheduled and performed for for public to to make books for the public
• Example Cebu pacific has airlines and for only cargo is FedEx Express

General Public Transportation

• Representing private tranns and recreational components of aviation aircraft commercial or industrial.
• The use of aircraft is for personell or business over milltary and is used in Tourism.

Aerial Services for the Public

• Is for specialised services and reflects the common usages.

Private Aviation Operation

• Carried out by people who have personal uses.

Military Aviation Operation

• Operation in which carries tools for aircraft when military purposes by armed forces is.

Fight or Bomb

• Fight - To attack,
• Bomb - to defende on air space.

The Transportation of Goods by Military or Unmanned

• Transfering of equipment from one another by big boddy craft.
• Unmanned is for reconnsensce.

Air Craft

• A machine that can get from Atmosphere and get reaction of against's earths surface and used or intented by flight in Air.

Methods of Lift and Craft (ICAO)

• By how aircraft are supported or buoyancy's with gas being liter compared to to air.

Free Ballon and Air ship Types

• Is ballon to heat and contan in on their own, Airship, is balloon under balloon with people in horizontal directions by shaft

Heavier Air Craft and Aerodynes

• Self generation of aerodynamic force/ lift by wings thrust.

Test your knowledge of the history of flight, from early pioneers like Cayley and Henson to the Wright brothers. Explore key concepts, limitations, and innovations in aviation history. Learn about the architectural concepts pivotal to aircraft design.