History of Epidemiology: William Farr (1838 – 1883)
30 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the prevalence of HIV in the general population?

  • 6,600 per 5,800,000 persons
  • 3,600 per 200,000 persons
  • 1.14 per 1000 persons
  • 18 per 1000 persons (correct)

    • What is the prevalence of HIV among Men who have Sex with Men (MSM)?

  • 1.14 per 1000 persons (correct)
  • 3,600 per 200,000 persons
  • 6,600 per 5,800,000 persons
  • 18 per 1000 persons

    • What is the Attack Rate (AR) formula used in a disease outbreak?

  • Number of cases during outbreak / Total population
  • Total population / Number of cases during outbreak
  • Number of cases during outbreak / Population at risk (correct)
  • Population at risk / Number of cases during outbreak

    • In the context of a disease outbreak, what does Attack Rate measure?

    <p>Proportion of the population that develops the disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Oswego county outbreak of 1940, what was the Attack Rate for individuals who ate vanilla ice cream?

    <p>80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Attack Rate for individuals who did NOT eat ice cream in the Oswego county outbreak of 1940?

    <p>14%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of study is also known as an 'interrupted time series' study?

    <p>Controlled before-and-after study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the 'Doctors study' by Doll and Hill, which of the following diseases was NOT found to be more common among smokers?

    <p>Influenza</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating a rate?

    <p>$\frac{A}{t}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the probability of an event occurring, essentially a proportion of cases to people at risk?

    <p>Risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term 'Hazard' in epidemiology refers to what?

    <p>Instantaneous probability of an event happening at time t</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating a proportion?

    <p>$\frac{A}{B}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary contribution of William Farr in the field of epidemiology?

    <p>He systematized the collection, study, and reporting of vital statistics data, including routinely collecting the cause of death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about John Snow is correct?

    <p>He was an English anesthesiologist who administered chloroform to Queen Victoria during childbirth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the prevailing theory for cholera during the 19th century?

    <p>The miasma theory, which proposed that cholera was caused by a cloud of foul air.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following individuals subscribed to the miasma theory of cholera?

    <p>William Farr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pattern of deaths during an epidemic did William Farr describe?

    <p>The bell-shaped curve pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about John Snow's investigation of the 1854 cholera outbreak in Soho, London, is correct?

    <p>He conducted his investigation without knowledge of the causative agent of cholera or the germ theory of disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of direct age standardization in comparing mortality rates between different populations?

    <p>To apply age-specific rates to a common population for comparison</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which infectious disease has a very rare occurrence and a significantly high Case Fatality Rate (CFR)?

    <p>Ebola</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the text mention the need for standardization in comparing mortality rates?

    <p>To emphasize the importance of adjusting for age differences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Case Fatality Rate (CFR) of a disease indicate?

    <p>The proportion of cases that lead to death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does direct age standardization help in comparing mortality rates?

    <p>By removing the impact of age differences on mortality rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the relationship between incidence rate, Case Fatality Rate (CFR), and Mortality rate?

    <p>Mortality rate = Incidence rate × CFR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the attack rate of diarrhea among the individuals who attended the church supper in Oswego county in 1940?

    <p>61%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of people who ate vanilla ice cream at the church supper fell ill with diarrhea?

    <p>80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the attack rate of diarrhea among individuals who did NOT eat ice cream at the church supper?

    <p>14%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the example provided in 2020, what was the COVID-19 mortality rate in the country with a population of 10,700,000?

    <p>0.65%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Case Fatality Rate (CFR) represent?

    <p>Proportion of deaths among people with a certain disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which measure uses ill persons as the denominator for calculating deaths?

    <p>Case Fatality Rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser