History of Engineering

• Engineering applies physical science and math to create affordable solutions for technical issues.
• It optimizes space and energy for efficient machinery, facilities, technologies, and systems.

Engineers Before the Industrial Revolution

• Military Engineers: focused on fortifications and weaponry.
• Civil Engineers: Constructed infrastructure like bridges and buildings.

Development of Mechanical Engineering

• Mechanical engineering emerged in early 19th-century England.
• It's goal was to create manufacturing machines and power systems.
• The first British professional civil engineers society formed in 1818.
• This was followed by a mechanical engineers society in 1847.
• These societies mark the evolution of engineering fields in the US.

US Engineering Field Evolution (by Society Formation Year)

• 1852: Civil engineering
• 1871: Mining and metallurgical engineering
• 1880: Mechanical engineering
• 1884: Electrical engineering
• 1907: Agricultural engineering
• 1908: Chemical engineering
• Modern developments: aeronautical, industrial, nuclear, computer, genetic, and biomechanical engineering.

Early Engineering Education in the U.S.

• 1817: U.S. Military Academy (West Point, New York)
• 1819: Norwich University (Vermont)
• 1825: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (New York)
• Engineering education requires a strong foundation in math and science along with social sciences and humanities.

Agricultural Engineering/ABE Practices in the Philippines

• 1905: First agricultural engineering curriculum by J. B. Davidson at Iowa State University.
• 1907: Founding of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE).
• The ASAE is now known as the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE).
• 1910: First agricultural engineering degrees granted in the US.
• 1912: Agricultural engineering practice introduced to the Philippines at the University of the Philippines - College of Agriculture.
• This was as a major in its Bachelor of Science in Agriculture program.
• 1910: The American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE) was organized to advance agricultural engineering.
• 1950: The Philippine Society of Agricultural Engineers (PSAE) was founded by Dr. Felix Maramba, Sr.
• PSAE goals included promoting the development and practice of AE in the Philippines.
• 1951: The first BSAE program in the Philippines was offered by Araneta Institute of Agriculture.
• The Araneta Institute of Agriculture is now De La Salle – Araneta University.
• 1955: Central Luzon Agricultural College (now Central Luzon State University) also offered a BSAE program.
• 1956: UP offered same degree program
• 1983: CSSAC offered BSAEn
• Currently, over 50 schools in the Philippines offer BSAEn/BSABE.

Relevant Republic Acts

• RA 3927 (June 18, 1964): Regulates agricultural engineering in the Philippines.
• RA 8559 (February 26, 1998): Regulates agricultural engineering practice in the Philippines.
• RA 10915 (July 21, 2016): Modernizes agricultural engineering.

Institutions Offering Agricultural Engineering/Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering in the Philippines (Luzon)

• Bataan Peninsula State University
• Benguet State University
• Bicol University - Guinobatan
• Bulacan Agricultural State College
• Cagayan State University-Sanchez Campus
• Cagayan State University-Tuguegarao Campus
• Camarines Norte State College
• Cavite State University
• Central Bicol State University of Agriculture- Pili
• Central Luzon State University
• Don Mariano Marcos State University
• Dr. Emilio B. Espinosa Sr. Memorial State University
• Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College
• Isabela State University
• Kalinga State University
• Laguna State Polytechnic University
• La Salle University
• Mariano Marcos State University
• Mindoro State College of Agriculture and Technology
• Nueva Viscaya State University
• Pampanga State Agricultural University

Institutions Offering Agricultural Engineering/Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering in the Philippines (Visayas & Mindanao)

• Visayas:
  • Pangasinan State University
  • Ramon Magsaysay Technological University
  • Sorsogon State University - Castilla
  • Tarlac State University
  • University of Rizal System
  • University of the Philippines Los Banos
  • Bohol Island State University
  • Capiz State University- Burias Campus
  • Capiz State University- Pontevedra Campus
  • Cebu Technological University
  • Eastern Samar State University
  • Northwestern Samar State University
  • Romblon State University
  • University of Southeastern Philippines
  • Visayas State University
• Mindanao:
  • Agusan del Sur State College of Agriculture and Technology
  • Caraga State University
  • Central Mindanao University
  • Central Philippine University
  • Central Philippines State University
  • Jose Rizal Memorial State University
  • Mindanao State University – General Santos City
  • Mindanao State University - Marawi City
  • Mindanao State University - Maguindanao
• The BSAE was enhanced to BSABE in 2018 due to RA 10915 of 2016, repealing RA 8559 of 1998.
• Licensed agricultural engineers were converted into agricultural and biosystems engineers upon license renewal.

Definition of Laws

• Laws: enforced rules of conduct in an organized society with punishments for violations (Encyclopedia, Columbia University Press).
• Laws: prescribed rules of action, created by a superior, and obeyed by inferiors.

Development of Early Law

• Early laws: First laws in Bible between God and Adam
• It was a command reflecting God's authority.
• Systematic law development needs a police.
• Earliest law codes were from literate societies.
• Early law examples: Code of Hammurabi, Laws of Manu, Mosaic code enforcing social and ethical mandates.

Classification of Laws

• MORAL LAW: Obligation-based.
• Divine Law: God's eternal law governing the universe.
• Ecclesiastical Law: Ordinances and regulations by religious authority.
• NATURAL OR SCIENTIFIC LAW: Rights inherent to human nature, accessible through reason.
• Physical Sciences: Studies nonliving systems.
• Natural Sciences: Science concerned with predicting natural phenomena.
• Social Sciences: Disciplines studying society.
• LAW OF ART AND LITERATURE
• Music: Art of sound expressing ideas
• Painting: Protective coating
• Poetry: Literary that expresses intense feelings.
• INTERNATIONAL LAW: Rules governing relations between nations.
• Private International Law: Laws governing civil and commercial law.
• Public International Law: Laws that deal with the conduct of states.
• GOVERNMENT LAW: Law organized by the government;
• Constitutional Law: Principles of state governance.
• Statute Law: Law consisting of written laws
• Common Law: Law derived from judicial decisions.
• Laws are based on a judicial assessment of farness.

Laws Without Government Sanctions

• Laws of Games
• Laws of private associations and societies.

Agricultural Engineering Law

• The first Agricultural Engineering Law in the Philippines was enacted in 1964.
• This was emobodied in Republic Act 3927.
• In 1998, Republic Act 8559 (Philippine Agricultural Engineering Act of 1998) was enacted.
• RA 8559 aims to upgrade the profession by improving agricultural engineering education and career prospects.
• Implementing Rules and Regulations: elaborated in Board Resolution No. 01, Series of 1998.
• The Board of Agricultural Engineering adopts a Code of Ethics and Professional Standards.

Republic Act No. 10915 (The "Philippine Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Act of 2016")

• It aims to modernize agricultural practices.
• It declares the State's policy to strengthen and regulate the practice of agricultural and biosystems engineering.
• Guarantees, applies, delivers, accelerates, ensures, conserves, protects, fosters and develops.
• Examination, registration and licensure of agricultural and biosystems engineers, as well as their supervision and regulation.
• Curriculum development, professional growth, and integration of agricultural and biosystems engineers.

Definition of Terms (Section 4, Act 10915)

• Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering: It applies the sustainable production and management of resources.
• It consists of crops, forestry and other plants, poultry, livestock, fisheries etc.
• Agricultural and Biosystems Engineer: A licensed professional.
• Agricultural and Biosystems Power and Machinery: Equipment for agricultural tasks.
• Agricultural and Biosystems Buildings and Structures: Infrastructures used in agriculture/
• Agricultural and Bio-Processing: Activities on maintaining the products.
• Agricultural and Biological Waste Utilization and Management: It is development of new technologies.
• Agricultural and Bio-Information System: Managing tools by using database.
• Agricultural and Biosystems Automation and Instrumentation: The use of computer models for equipment design.
• Agricultural and Biosystems Resource Conservation and Management: It involves conservation.

Agencies, Degrees & Systems

• Accredited Integrated Professional Organization (AIPO): Organization for agricultural and biosystems engineers.
• Bachelor of Science in Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering (BSABE): Tertiary degree, PSG, and CHED.
• Commission on Higher Education (CHED): The government that regulates higher and tertiary.
• Professional Regulation Commission (Commission): The government under Republic. 8981
• All applicants are examined and registered.
• Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering is supervised, regulated and practiced.

Scope of Practice (Section 5)

• The responsibilities are:
  • Preparation of engineering designs and the supervision of construction.
  • Valuation and testing.
  • Program development and research.
  • Teaching and consulting.
  • Manufacturing and selling equipment and design.
  • Prepare land.
  • Training and supervision.
  • Government and private firms.
  • Participation in the Environmental system.

Composition and qualifications of the board

• (Section 6)
• Created a board under that is directly responsible to Commission
• 3 members are appointed by president.
• General Qualifications:
  • Filipino citizen
  • Above 35 years old
  • BS in Engineering
  • Registered Engineer

Bar to being a member

• Not affiliated with school or institution
• Not associated with the review center

Requirements for membership

• Member in good standing
• Never been convicted

Compensation of the Board

• Compensation and allowances are equal to Chairs.

• Board members can be removed due to gross.

• The board has these powers:

  • Issue certifications,
  • Supervise the registration,
  • Supervise exam,

• The board regulates and promotes the practice.

Licensing

• The Board, subject to Approval of the commission
• Board can inspect companies
• Prepare code Of Ethical and Professional Standards.
• 3 part is required

License and Certification requirements

• Must have:
  • No misinterpretation
  • Citizen of philippines
  • BS in Engineering

Examination Contents

• Energy and Machinery
• Land and Water Resources
• Structures and Environment
• Bioprocess Engineering
• Project Management
• 70% is required to pass.
• Must need to take an oath.