43 Questions
What is the main purpose of Chapter Three?
To introduce the importance and methods of studying comparative education
What is discussed in Chapter Four?
The development of comparative education
What is the main topic of Chapter Five?
The determinants of systems of education
Which chapter compares the education systems of England and France?
Chapter Six
Which chapter discusses education in Cuba and the USA?
Chapter Seven
What is the main topic of Chapter Eight?
Education in Anglophone Africa
Which chapter discusses education in Francophone Africa?
Chapter Nine
What is the main topic of Chapter Ten?
Issues in preschool and primary education
Which chapter discusses issues in secondary and higher education?
Chapter Eleven
What is the main topic of Chapter Twelve?
Issues in education and training of teachers
What is the last chapter of the book?
Chapter Twelve
What is the goal of developing a science of comparative education?
To firmly place comparative education in the family of social sciences
Who developed the comparative or systematic area studies method?
George Bereday
What is the first step in the comparative or systematic area studies method?
Description of aspects of education
What is the focus of the problem-solving approach?
Solving educational problems using critical thinking
Who developed the problem-solving approach?
Brian Holmes
What is the first step in the scientific approach?
Problem identification and review of literature
What is the main goal of the scientific approach?
To develop a science of comparative education
Who developed the scientific approach?
Harold Noah and Marc Eckstein
What is one of the aims of studying comparative education?
To understand the roots of our education system
What is a benefit of studying comparative education?
To broaden our thinking when dealing with education issues
Why is it important to study comparative education?
To foster international understanding and cooperation
What is a benefit of discovering and appreciating what exists elsewhere in education?
To replace national pride with objectivity of judgment
What is one of the reasons to study comparative education?
To achieve international standards in education
What is a benefit of studying comparative education?
To understand the differences and similarities between education systems
Why is it important to reform or improve our own system of education?
To provide a reference point for reform
What is one of the benefits of studying comparative education?
To satisfy our intellectual curiosity
Who among the scholars advocated for the use of the statistical approach?
None of the above
What is the primary focus of the statistical method?
Comparison of education data
Who popularized the historical method?
Isaac Kandel, Nicholas Hans, and Michael Sadler
What is the ultimate goal of the historical method?
To establish laws of education
What is the primary reason for studying each national system separately in its historical context?
To note differences in terminologies and methods of collecting and classifying data
What is the main emphasis of the historical method?
Education policies and practices have both cause and effect to be found in each society's unique historical experience
How many categories are the forces and factors responsible for noted differences grouped into?
Four
What is the ultimate goal of adopting only those ideas and practices that best approximate the recipient country?
To adapt to the recipient country's historical context
What is the time period associated with the phase of social science perspective?
From the end of World War II in 1945 to present day
What is the primary motivation behind the accounts of travelers' tales?
Partly curiosity and the need for comparison
How would you describe the attention to education during the travelers' tales phase?
Regimental and generally unsystematic
What is a common characteristic of early writers of comparative education?
They drew examples from society other than their own
What is the primary purpose of the phases used to signify changes in the historical development of comparative education?
To impose a retrospective perspective on changes in education
What is a common limitation of the travelers' tales phase?
It is stimulating and superficial
What is the time period associated with the phase of travelers' tales?
From ancient history to the end of 18th century
What is a characteristic of the changes between phases in the historical development of comparative education?
They are gradual and overlapping
Study Notes
Importance and Methods of Studying Comparative Education
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Comparative education is important to understand one's own education system, make general statements about education development, broaden thinking, and foster international understanding and cooperation.
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The benefits of studying comparative education include:
- Understanding the roots and influences of one's education system
- Making general statements about education development
- Broadening thinking when dealing with education issues
- Getting exposure to knowledge in other humanities and social sciences
- Fostering international understanding, peace, and cooperation
- Achieving international standards in education
- Satisfying intellectual curiosity
- Reforming or improving one's own education system
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The methods of studying comparative education include:
- The comparative or systematic area studies method (developed by George Bereday)
- The problem-solving approach (developed by Brian Holmes)
- The scientific approach (developed by Harold Noah and Marc Eckstein)
- The historical method (popularized by Isaac Kandel, Nicholas Hans, and Michael Sadler)
The Comparative or Systematic Area Studies Method
- This method uses an inter-disciplinary approach to systematically survey and analyze education in different countries
- The steps to be followed are:
- Description of aspects of education
- Interpretation and explanation using the inter-disciplinary approach
- Justification or classification of contrasting and comparable features
- Comparison
- Conclusion and generalization, focusing on the causes of similarities and differences
The Problem-Solving Approach
- This method is based on five stages of reflective or critical thinking as put forward by John Dewey
- The stages are:
- Identification of the problem
- Analysis of the problem
- Proposed problem solution
- Specification of context
- Comparison and conclusions
The Scientific Approach
- This method was developed by Harold Noah and Marc Eckstein
- The procedure includes:
- Problem identification and review of literature
- Definition of central concepts, terms, and indicators
- Selection/sampling of units of study or cases
- Collection of data
- Data analysis and manipulation
- Interpretation of findings/results
The Historical Method
- This method emphasizes the importance of historical context in understanding education policies and practices
- The steps to be followed are:
- Study of each national system separately in its historical context
- Analysis of the forces and factors responsible for noted differences (grouped into four categories: natural, religious, social-economic, and political)
- Adoption of only those ideas and practices that best approximate and can be adapted to the recipient country's historical context
Phases of Comparative Education
- The phases of comparative education include:
- The phase of travelers' tales (from early times to the end of the 18th century)
- The phase of selective education borrowing (during the 19th century)
- The phase of social science perspective (from the end of World War II to the present day)
The Phase of Travelers' Tales
- This phase is characterized by travelers giving descriptive accounts of features in foreign systems of education as they saw them
- The motive accounts of travelers' tales were partly curiosity and the need for comparison
- This phase is marked by superficial and piecemeal observations
This quiz covers the history of education, including the contributions of individuals and learning institutions, and the phase of selective education borrowing in the 19th century.
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