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Questions and Answers
The 1950s saw the use of ______ cards as an input interface in computers.
The 1950s saw the use of ______ cards as an input interface in computers.
punched
The first general purpose computer was developed jointly by ______ University and IBM Corporation.
The first general purpose computer was developed jointly by ______ University and IBM Corporation.
Harvard
The ______ Rand Corporation built the first mass-produced electronic computer (UNIVAC) in 1951.
The ______ Rand Corporation built the first mass-produced electronic computer (UNIVAC) in 1951.
Remington
The 1960s saw the replacement of batch-processing systems with ______ processing systems.
The 1960s saw the replacement of batch-processing systems with ______ processing systems.
The landmark US Supreme Court ______ decision allowed non-Bell equipment to be connected to the AT&T network.
The landmark US Supreme Court ______ decision allowed non-Bell equipment to be connected to the AT&T network.
The internet began to evolve at the ______ Research Projects Agency (ARPA) through the ARPANET.
The internet began to evolve at the ______ Research Projects Agency (ARPA) through the ARPANET.
In 1992, ______ Papworth sent the first SMS (or text message).
In 1992, ______ Papworth sent the first SMS (or text message).
By 1999, ______% of Australians had a mobile phone.
By 1999, ______% of Australians had a mobile phone.
In 2003, ______ launched the iTunes Music Store and sold one million songs in its first week.
In 2003, ______ launched the iTunes Music Store and sold one million songs in its first week.
In 2004, what would become the largest social networking site in the world, ______, was launched.
In 2004, what would become the largest social networking site in the world, ______, was launched.
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Study Notes
Data Communications
- Data refers to information stored in digital form, processed, organized, and stored.
- Data is plural, and datum is singular.
History of Data Communications
- 1832: The telegraph, the first data communication system, was invented by Samuel F.B. Morse.
- 1840: The American patent for the telegraph was granted.
- 1844: The first telegraph line was established between Baltimore and Washington D.C., conveying the first telegraph message "What hath God wrought!"
- 1849: The first slow-speed telegraph printer was invented.
- 1850: Western Union Telegraph Company was formed in Rochester, New York.
Milestones in Data Communications
- 1860: "High-speed" printers (15 bps) became available.
- 1874: Emile Baudot invented a telegraph multiplexer that allowed signals from up to six different telegraph machines to be transmitted simultaneously over a single wire.
- 1875: The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell.
- 1899: Guglielmo Marcony succeeded in sending radio (wireless) telegraph messages.
Computing and Internet
- 1930s: Konrad Zuis demonstrated a computing machine.
- 1940: Bell Laboratories developed the first special-purpose computer using electromechanical relays for performing logical operations.
- 1946: The first modern-day computer (ENIAC) was developed by J.Prespeer Eckert and John Mauchley at the University of Pennsylvania.
- 1949: The U.S. National Bureau of Standards developed the first all-electronic diode-based computer capable of executing stored-programs.
Internet and World Wide Web
- 1950s: "Batch processing" computers used punched cards as an input interface, printers as an output interface, and magnetic tape reels for data storage.
- 1960s: Batch-processing systems were replaced by on-line processing systems with terminals connected directly to the computer through serial or parallel communication lines.
- 1968: The US Supreme Court Carterfone decision allowed non-Bell (non-AT&T) equipment to be connected to the vast AT&T network.
- 1969: The internet began to evolve at the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) through the ARPANET.
Modern Developments
- 1989: Tim Berners-Lee and Robert Cailliau built the prototype system that became the World Wide Web at CERN.
- 1991: Anders Olsson transmits solitary waves through an optical fiber with a data rate of 32 billion bits per second.
- 1992: Neil Papworth sends the first SMS (or text message).
- 1994: Internet radio broadcasting is born.
- 1999: 45% of Australians have a mobile phone, and Sirius satellite radio is introduced.
- 2001: First digital cinema transmission by satellite in Europe of a feature film is undertaken.
- 2003: Apple launches the iTunes Music Store and sells one million songs in its first week, and MySpace is launched.
- 2004: Facebook is launched.
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