History of Computers Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What was the main component used in first generation computers for memory and circuitry?

  • Vacuum tubes (correct)
  • Magnetic cores
  • Microprocessors
  • Transistors

During which years did the second generation of computers occur?

  • 1946-1959
  • 1971-1980
  • 1959-1965 (correct)
  • 1965-1971

What type of programming language was predominantly used in the first generation of computers?

  • Machine code (correct)
  • High-level programming languages
  • C++
  • Assembly language

Which of the following was a common input/output device for first generation computers?

<p>Punched cards (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic made second generation computers more advanced than first generation computers?

<p>Lower cost and less power consumption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of a first generation computer?

<p>IBM PC (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the first generation computers is correct?

<p>They were characterized by batch processing operating systems. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What advancement occurred in the transition from first to second generation computers?

<p>The adoption of transistors instead of vacuum tubes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes personal computers during the early phase of the digital revolution?

<p>They were self-contained units. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major shift occurred during the third phase of the digital revolution?

<p>Widespread establishment of computer networks. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a computer network?

<p>To link computers for data sharing. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the original purpose of the Internet before it became publicly accessible?

<p>Military project. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does cloud computing primarily provide?

<p>Access to information and applications over the Internet. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is convergence in the context of technology?

<p>The fusion of several technologies into a single product. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the Web considered transformative in the digital revolution?

<p>It provided a collection of linked documents and media. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What features do modern mobile devices exhibit due to the digital revolution?

<p>Access to services available on full-size computers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the CPU in a computer system?

<p>To process data and execute instructions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes online storage?

<p>Data stored in devices that are actively accessible by the computer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What component of a computer system is referred to as 'peopleware'?

<p>The users interacting with the system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of a computer?

<p>Accessing the internet (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is software defined in a computer system?

<p>The programmed instructions that allow hardware to function (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of storage method would you use for data that is not immediately needed?

<p>Offline storage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is described as the most important part of a computer?

<p>CPU (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of computer output?

<p>A generated report printed on paper (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an aspect of Artificial Intelligence?

<p>Database management (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process converts various forms of media into data that can be processed by digital devices?

<p>Digitization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which computing model represents the first phase of the digital revolution?

<p>Data processing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the focus of Electronic Data Processing (EDP)?

<p>Processing data in an electronic communication environment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of computer is typically characterized by being small and portable?

<p>Ultra Book (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines Personal Computing in the context of the digital revolution?

<p>Standalone computers powered by local software (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the digital revolution is true?

<p>It is a process of change influenced by digital technology. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of computer mentioned as part of the current generation?

<p>Supercomputer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary operating system used by Apple computers?

<p>Mac OS (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is true about desktop computers?

<p>They are designed to fit on or under a desk. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature distinguishes a gaming desktop computer?

<p>It prioritizes high-quality audio and video performance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is typically included in a home theater PC (HTPC)?

<p>Digital cable television connectivity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most popular type of mobile computer?

<p>Notebook computer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best describes notebook computers?

<p>They can be as powerful as average desktop computers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is false regarding mobile devices?

<p>They cannot perform complex tasks. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these statements about mobile computers is incorrect?

<p>They include desktop towers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of voltage regulation in power supplies?

<p>To eliminate voltage spikes and surges (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a port on a computer primarily serve as?

<p>A physical or programmatic connection point for devices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a portable, personal computer?

<p>Laptop (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of device typically connects to the Internet wirelessly?

<p>Smartphone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a special-purpose computer?

<p>To function as part of a larger product (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

First Generation Computers

Computers from 1946-1959, using vacuum tubes for CPU and memory.

Vacuum Tubes

Electronic components used in early computer memory and circuitry.

Second Generation Computers

Computers developed from 1959-1965, using transistors instead of vacuum tubes.

Transistors

Smaller, more efficient, and reliable electronic components than vacuum tubes.

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Batch Processing

Method of handling computer jobs by accumulating them before processing.

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Machine Code

The low-level programming language used in first-generation computers.

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Input/Output Devices (1st Gen)

Methods used to input data and output results in first-generation computers (punched cards, tape).

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Magnetic Cores & Storage

Memory and storage devices of second-generation computers

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Digital Revolution

Ongoing social, political, and economic change caused by digital technology like computers and the internet.

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EDP

Electronic Data Processing- Processing data by computers or machines, involving electronic communication.

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Personal Computing

The second phase of the digital revolution, using small, stand-alone computers with local software.

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Local Software

Software installed on a computer's hard drive.

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Digitization

Converting text, numbers, sound, photos, and video into data for digital devices.

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Digital Electronics

The technology used for computers that represent data with electrical signals.

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Input-Processing-Output Cycle

The way computers process information: taking information in, processing it, and giving results.

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What marked the third phase?

The third phase of the digital revolution was characterized by the emergence of networked computers and the widespread adoption of the internet.

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Network Computing

A system where computers are linked together to share data, resources, and communication, facilitated by the internet.

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What is convergence in technology?

The merging of multiple technologies with distinct functionalities into a single product, like smartphones combining phone, camera, music player, and internet access.

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What is cloud computing?

A technology that allows access to information, applications, communications, and storage over the internet, instead of on your local computer.

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What is the Web?

A collection of interconnected documents, graphics, and sounds accessible through the internet, forming a vast network of information.

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What was the original purpose of the internet?

The internet was initially developed as a military project, later transitioned to be used for research and academic purposes.

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What is the impact of the web?

The web has transformed how people access and share information, making it a major influence in the digital revolution.

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First Phase of Digital Revolution

The first phase of the digital revolution was characterized by personal computers being self-contained units, not connected to networks.

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Desktop Computer

A computer designed to be stationary, with all components fitting on or under a desk or table.

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Server

A computer on a network that provides resources and services to other computers (clients).

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Gaming Desktop

A desktop computer specifically built for high-performance video games, featuring powerful hardware and advanced graphics capabilities.

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Home Theater PC (HTPC)

A desktop computer designed to connect to a television, combining multimedia features with computer functionality.

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Mobile Computer

A personal computer that is designed to be portable and easily moved between locations.

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Mobile Device

A computing device small enough to hold in your hand, often featuring touch-screen interaction.

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Notebook Computer (Laptop)

A portable personal computer typically characterized by its thin and lightweight design, capable of comparable power to desktop computers.

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What makes a desktop computer different from a notebook computer?

A desktop computer is designed to be stationary, while a notebook computer is portable and designed to be carried around.

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Power Supply

A device that converts the electricity from a wall outlet into a usable form for a computer.

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Voltage Regulation

The process of stabilizing the voltage supplied to a computer to prevent damage from fluctuations.

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Port

A physical or programmatic connection point used to connect external devices or for data flow between programs and computers.

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Data

Raw, unprocessed information that can be text, numbers, images, audio, or video.

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Laptop

A portable, personal computer designed for on-the-go use, typically with a keyboard and touchscreen.

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Smartphone

A mobile device that combines phone capabilities with internet access, apps, and entertainment features.

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Game console

A dedicated device designed specifically for playing video games either alone or with others.

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Mainframe Computer

A large, powerful computer capable of supporting hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously.

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What are the main components of a computer system?

A computer system is made up of three main components: hardware, software, and peopleware. Hardware refers to the physical parts of the system, such as the monitor, keyboard, and CPU. Software includes sets of programmed instructions that tell the hardware what to do. Peopleware refers to the people who use and interact with the computer system.

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What is hardware?

Hardware refers to the physical parts of a computer system. This includes the components like the CPU, monitor, keyboard, mouse, and storage devices. It's the tangible equipment that you can touch and see.

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What is software?

Software refers to the set of instructions that tell the hardware how to work. These instructions are programmed and stored electronically, giving commands on what actions the computer should perform. Examples include operating systems, applications, and programs.

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What is Peopleware?

Peopleware refers to the human element of a computer system. This includes users, programmers, system analysts, and any other individuals who interact with the system.

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Where does the computer store data?

Computers store data in different locations depending on how the data is being used. Data waiting to be processed is stored in memory, while data not needed immediately is stored on devices like hard drives, floppy drives, or tapes. This temporary storage is called 'online storage', while storing data on tapes, diskettes, or CDs is 'offline storage.'

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What are peripherals?

Peripherals are the hardware components that connect to the CPU, such as input devices (keyboard, mouse), output devices (monitor, printer), and storage devices (hard drive, floppy drive). They enable the user to interact with the computer and store data.

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What is the input-processing-output cycle?

The input-processing-output cycle describes how computers handle information. First, data is received as input (from devices like the keyboard or mouse). This input is then processed by the CPU. Finally, the processed information is produced as output, displayed on the screen or sent to a printer.

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Study Notes

Basics of Computer

  • The document is a set of study notes about computers and computer systems.
  • It covers various topics including generations of computers, the digital revolution, computer software, hardware components, and computer system categories.
  • The authors/creators of the document are Marcelino S. Cerin III, Rhoel Anthony G. Torres, Johanna Mae Vasquez, Ellen Joy Reyes, and Christian Pena.

Generations of Modern Computer

  • First Generation (1946-1959): Used vacuum tubes as the core components.

    • Computers were large and prone to frequent tube failures.
    • Batch processing systems were used.
    • Machine code was the primary programming language.
    • Examples include ENIAC, EDVAC, UNIVAC, IBM-701, and IBM-650.

  • Second Generation (1959-1965): Replaced vacuum tubes with transistors, making computers smaller, cheaper and more reliable.

    • Magnetic cores formed primary memory and magnetic tape and disks were used as secondary storage.
    • Assembly language and high-level programming languages (FORTRAN and COBOL) were used.
    • Batch processing and multi-programming were common.
    • Examples include IBM 1620, IBM 7094, CDC 1604, CDC 3600, and UNIVAC 1108.

  • Third Generation (1965-1971): Integrated circuits (ICs) were implemented.

    • Computers became smaller in size, more efficient, and reliable.
    • Remote processing, time-sharing, and multi-programming were key concepts.
    • High-level programming languages like FORTRAN II-IV, COBOL, Pascal, PL/1, and ALGOL-68 were utilized.
    • Examples include IBM 360 series, Honeywell 6000 series, PDP and TDC-316.

  • Fourth Generation (1971-1980): Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits.

    • Microcomputers emerged, leading to the personal computer revolution.
    • Time-sharing, real-time processing, networking, and distributed operating systems were used.
    • High-level languages like C, C++, DBASE were used.
    • Examples include DEC 10, STAR 1000, PDP 11, CRAY-1, and CRAY X-MP.

  • Fifth Generation (1980-Present): ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) technology.

    • Microprocessors with millions of components are common.
    • Parallel processing and artificial intelligence (AI) are central themes.
    • High-level languages like C, C++, Java, .NET are used.
    • Examples include robotics, neural networks, and game-playing applications.

Digital Revolution

  • Data processing: The first phase of the digital revolution focused on large computers performing tasks.
  • Personal computing: The second phase involved stand-alone computers and local software.
  • Network computing: Computers became networked and connected to the internet.
  • Cloud computing: Provided access to information, applications, communication, storage, and data through the internet.

All About Computer

  • What is a computer? An electronic device that performs computations based on data and programs.
  • Data vs. Information: Raw facts are data. Processed data to convey meaning is information.
  • Characteristics of a Computer: Speed, accuracy, storage capability (huge and fast retrieval), versatility, reliability, and portability.
  • Categories of Computers: Personal computers (desktops and notebooks), mobile computers (tablets, smartphones, etc.), game consoles, mainframes, supercomputers, and embedded computers.

Components of a Computer

  • Hardware: The physical parts and components.
  • Software: The set of instructions that tell the hardware what to do.
  • Peopleware: The use of the computer by people, including the user's interaction.

Computer Peripherals

  • Input devices: Devices that input data and instructions. (e.g. keyboard, mouse, scanner, joystick).
  • Output devices: Devices that display information. (e.g. monitor, printer, speaker).
  • Secondary storage devices: Devices for storing data. (e.g. hard drive, floppy disk, CD-ROM, USB flash drive).

Storage Devices

  • Primary memory (RAM): Temporary storage for currently used data and instructions.
  • Read-Only Memory (ROM): Non-volatile memory containing essential programs that are used to start the computer (firmware).
  • Secondary Memory (Storage Devices): Permanent storage for data. (e.g. hard drive, floppy disk, CD-ROM, USB flash drive, magnetic tape).

Processing Unit

  • CPU (Central Processing Unit): The brain of the computer; performs calculations and logical operations.
  • GPU (Graphics processing unit): Manages and accelerates graphics operations.
  • Motherboard: The main circuit board of a computer.

Output Devices

  • Visual display unit (monitor): Shows text, images, and videos.
  • Speaker and audio response systems: Generate audio output.
  • Printers: Produce hard copies of information.

Additional Notes (Based on questions and summaries)

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Related Documents

Introduction to Computing (CC100) PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the evolution of computers, from first to third generation, including their memory components, programming languages, and advancements in technology. This quiz covers key characteristics, input/output devices, and the purpose of computer networks and the Internet.

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