History of Communication

Communication Basics

• Prehistoric communication primarily involved signs and gestures, preceding spoken language by about 200,000 years
• The oldest cave drawings are around 60,000 years old, indicating early forms of communication
• The discovery of fire allowed humans to use smoke for communication
• Banging on drums made from skins and using wooden sticks became more common
• First communication through audible noises occurred approximately 60,000 years ago
• Scientists suggest early human sounds imitated birds and animals
• Around 50,000 years ago, man was conversing
• Messages were passed by relays of runners or couriers on horseback
• Carrier pigeons carried messages tied to their legs, returning home from any release point
• Carrier pigeons were called ‘homing pigeons

Important Moments in Communication History

• Johannes Gutenburg invented the first real printing press in 1440, printing hundreds of sheets of news daily
• It was known as a ‘paper jam.'
• Gutenberg's printing technology spread throughout Europe and worldwide
• The Gutenberg Bible, or 42-line Bible, is the first printed version of the Bible
• The Gutenberg Bible has been acclaimed for its aesthetic and technical quality
• Gutenberg's work started the Printing Revolution, ushering in the modern period of human history
• Samuel F.B. Morse developed an electric telegraph, a device for distance communication using electricity
• Morse code, a system of dots and dashes, spelled out messages over the telegraph
• Scotsman Alexander Graham Bell invented the first telephone in 1876, enabling speech over distances
• Bell's first telephone words were to his assistant Watson: "Mr Watson, come here. I want to see you."
• By 1886, over 150,000 US people owned telephones
• Guglielmo Marconi built the first wireless telegraph, the starting point for radio, sending messages via air in 1894
• Invisible radio waves carry sounds/information
• TV developed over years, first experiments in Scotland in 1843 by Alexander Bain
• John Logie Baird successfully invented television in 1925
• In 1928, the Baird Television Development Company had the first transatlantic television transmission
• Philo T Farnsworth refined television using an "image dissector" camera for faster image-scanning
• In 1962, the first communication satellite, Telstar 1, transmitted television/telephone signals globally
• There was one TV for every 20 people in 2000, by 2000 there was one for every four people
• Charles Babbage conceived the first computer almost 200 years ago
• Alan Turing built the first ‘real' computer in England during the Second World War (1939-1945)
• In 1990, Sir Timothy Berners-Lee invented the WorldWideWeb (www.)

Roles and Significance of Communication

• Communication is more than speaking, writing, or sending a message
• It involves ensuring the message reaches the target audience, understanding, and receiver response
• Communication is an important aspect of behavior and human interaction
• The study of human communication has been strengthened through contributions from disciplines
• Communication skills is the primary element of management
• It is the tool to influence, motivate, and maintain relations
• Communication is central to our families, schools, offices, and communities

Dynamics of Workplace Communication

• Activities succeed/fail based on the ability to communicate effectively
• Communication plays a foundational role in developing healthy relationships, strengthening commitment, and interpersonal relations.
• It bridges gaps and maintains relationships
• Communication is the "mortar" holding an organization together
• Without communication, organizations will not function
• Without effective communication, information is isolated
• Effective communication allows multinational organizations to function as a single unit
• The ability to communicate is the most important skill for anyone in the new world of work
• Effective writing and speech are essential for being able to communicate
• Team members identify problems, analyze alternatives, and recommend solutions working together
• Communicating persuasively, managing subordinates, and relating with seniors, depends on the communication skill
• Communicating products is an essential part of business
• Potential buyers need information about the product to want to purchase
• Informing the public and persuading potential customers through advertising and public relations

Business Communication Insights

• Business communication includes letters, reports, memos, notices are formal and commercial
• Interviews, meetings, conferences, presentations, negotiations are formal
• Group discussions being less formal than company meetings
• Friendly chats or emails between friends and family are not business communication
• Communication is absolutely necessary for business
• Doctors, engineers, accountants, actors, managers, educators, and business owners should cultivate the skills needed for their profession

Attributes of Communication

• Communication can be unintentional and intentional
• Receivers may receive less or more that was intended
• Nonverbal behaviour is an aspect of non-verbality
• Communication is ongoing, non-static, and changing
• Characters, causes, and consequences are subject to change during the communication act
• Every component affects another; for example source, environment, the goal, medium, the nature of the message etc.
• Communication is both interaction and transaction
• Participants exchange ideas and influence each other, achieving a shared meaning

Communication Definitions

• Communication is a process for passing information and understanding from one person to another
• Communication refers to any behaviour that results in an exchange of meaning
• Communication is defined as the transmission of information and meaning from one individual or group to another
• Meaning is a crucial element
• Communication is successful when the receiver understands an idea as the sender intended it
• Both parties must agree on that meaning
• Communication involves an exchange of thoughts between parties who use verbal, nonverbal, or written tools

Processes and Elements of Communication

• Source/Sender initiates the action
• Audience/Receiver is the targeted person
• Goal/Purpose is the sender's desired communication result
• Message/Content is conveyed information
• Medium/Channel is the conveyance method
• Feedback is the receiver's response
• Environment/Context is the communication stage
• A sender must understand the purpose, goal, and destination to send
• Sender must evaluate why and whom to send a message to
• The message is defined through creation of a word use to be understood by receiving party
• Encoding is the process of putting an idea into symbols
• A suitable channel or medium, such as email, telephone, or talk, to send message

Completing the Communication Cycle

• Senders evaluate effect on receiver
• Clarity is important about communication goal or purpose
• Know the needs of target audiences
• Encode what symbols are effective for receiver
• Receiver makes an awareness when message was received through senses
• Decoding is the process of translating information and complex skill
• The past the experience, relation to sender, creates understanding of subject
• If two parties had same background, understanding increased
• Feedback is important or response to receiver

The Roles in the Process

• Receivers attend to the received message
• Decode the received message
• Interpret the meaning
• Give feedback to the sender

Communication Environments

• Pleasant, comfortable environment is better; hot, noisy, and uncomfortable isn't
• The political, cultural, legal, and technological environment influences communication
• The present relationship communication with two parties if one’s relationship is not good
• The circumstances of each communicant, each one's position in the organisation, the usual work are factors of influence
• The time of day, and giving information too late/early, may influence interpretation

One-Way and Two-Way Communication

• One-way communication is only single party
• Two-way communication involves both persons
• In two-way convo two parties serve as receivers
• It it reciprocal process

Verbal Communication Skill

• Verbal communication helps us share experiences through symbols and language.
• In communication studies, 'verbal' means using words and language in writing/speech
• Most communication involves speaking and writing to convey data and ideas
• Formats can range from letters, reports, to presentations.
• A rich vocabulary and audience understanding make communication effective
• The important verbal communication skills are writing, speaking, reading, and listening.
• Communication includes Writing 9%, Speaking 30%, Reading 16%, and Listening 45%
• Good speaking includes delivering speeches to participating in groups and one one one
• Read materials demands practice and development
• Skimming, or over rapid, helps determine what needs attention

Understanding Fast Reading

• Speed reading must remain silent
• Fast reading needs concetration and time allocated
• To read anything, use subheading contents or charts to learn content thoughts
• To read for any purpose, ask if you intend to follow any instruction, report, or study
• During this, keep mouth throat and word muscles silent
• Use knowledge patterns and information, anticipate

Non Verbal Communication

• Non-verbal convey meaning
• Pictures, maps, voice qualities, etc are useful
• Our body or voice, or typing, shows what we convey
• Communication is voluntary in speech
• Communication can be both created knowingly and in speech
• Non-verbal occurs quicker to the receiver, which saves time

Non Verbal Methods

• A visual is stronger
• Visuals and plain sounds are more effective than language
• A film is more efficient with film
• It better conveys illiterates
• Marking a cross bone tells the viewer about it’s contents

Oral and Written English Communication

• Spoken and written English are both forms of verbal English
• Oral communication is the better from of English,
• Oral conversation required other party to be present unlike written
• The radio can used to speak at large party
• Writing is best for other parties
• Lengthy and complex messages go beyond limit in writing time
• Written is separate with sender unlike a conversation
• These forms are useful depending on your own communication

Attributes of Expressing in English Communication

• Written communication is slower when preparing, in convos, and receipt
• It takes more time in draft rather than speech
• Oral messages, and feedback, is slow but less better in written
• Written is legal documents and evidence
• They are more accurate
• They show you if anyone was the writer
• Written communication are more precise and accurate than oral.
• In written format choice or wording is much easier.
• They can be reviewed to decide
• Lengthy writing is best in written
• Short in words that have standard format to open or close in a short time

Important Factors in Expressing

• Expense of writer comes from stacionary and expense
• Oral has same attention, availability, and presence
• Body language and paragraph are important
• Written is only in control of speaker
• Feedback comes from speech
• Listeners give advice and show if conversation is great
• Reactions from speaking
• Conversation can improve and be fixed
• Speaking is better from written communication
• Abbreviation is the dropping of sounds
• Can't, won't, don't do sound when speech
• It easy to learn pronunciation over written
• Dynamic in our tongue

Formal And Informal Communication in Business

• Knowing tones vocabulary is important.
• Formally follow conventions in registers are used
• Noun pronouce are important, no constractions in instruction modules
• Don't suggest style suggest approach, movement also get controlled
• formal communication like interviewer or presentation
• Informative speech might richer, conversational tooo
• Formal talk consist if written speech and more
• Controlling activities through policies is important

Impersonal Channels Within Organizations

• Important formal meetings and document write summaries
• Need to instruct is what formal channels is more useful
• There are times in it need be binding to follow
• Less chance in time for distribute or tracse
• less amount of embarrassment in fact during face contact to give
• Communication sometimes give time in head
• It bureaucratic in the wording, often message
• Can't express reasoning
• Authoritarian in instruction
• The last point has to improve personal interaction with employees make a relationship
• In forms educates through sharing and resolution to resolve with loyalty

Advantages Of Speaking

• There is way for encourage sharing info
• less official than intimidating
• It is in dry bureau
• Can explore more for organization

More Ways to Communicate

• In for organization climate can come with unanswered questions
• Can have harmful relationship and interest
• It hard be difficult too
• Indecisive color by distort many
• Easy to find out for trace
• Appropriate from these
• Intellingent department is important

One-Way Communication

• Transferred In In many directions you to direct
• No way for asking information
• Therefor source can’t see how receivers understand
• Radio and media does this

What Can Be Said

• Personal is helpful is the best way to have is conversation to chat to two person
• Source give feedback from ideas
• The receiver has important and
• It all for influence the direction and process

Understand What Is Express

• Important is is a better for parties
• The important thing are using keep particular writing the document
• There is in differences pronunciation to know the British
• the spelling with -our in great
• There is with -ize too