History of Chemistry and Philosophers
48 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the definition of an element according to Robert Boyle?

  • A combination of two or more elements.
  • A substance that cannot be split into simpler substances by chemical means. (correct)
  • A material that can exist in different states.
  • A complex substance made of several simpler substances.

    • What term did Johann Dobereiner use to describe groups of three elements with similar properties?

  • Trio Elements
  • Tertiaries
  • Triads (correct)
  • Triplets

    • Which pattern did John Newland identify in his arrangement of elements?

  • Elements repeating every eighth element. (correct)
  • Elements organized by their chemical reactivity.
  • Elements in groups of three based on similarities.
  • Elements sorted by the number of electrons.

    • What was Dmitri Mendeleev's major contribution to the Periodic Table?

    <p>He established the periodic law based on increasing atomic weight.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these elements did Humphry Davy NOT discover by passing electricity through compounds?

    <p>Bromine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of bromine did Johann Dobereiner note in his research?

    <p>Its properties are between those of chlorine and iodine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did scientists before Mendeleev begin to understand the elements?

    <p>Looking for patterns to remember elements more easily.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is NOT a characteristic of Newland's octaves?

    <p>They include triads of related elements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Mendeleev’s Periodic Law state about the properties of elements?

    <p>Properties recur periodically when arranged by atomic mass.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Henry Mosely establish regarding atomic numbers?

    <p>Atomic numbers reflect the number of protons in an atom's nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method did Mendeleev use to group elements?

    <p>By arranging elements in vertical rows by similar properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the modern definition of atomic number?

    <p>Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the modern periodic table differ from Mendeleev's version?

    <p>It eliminates the need for reversed element order.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are transition elements characterized by in the periodic table?

    <p>They have their own separate block.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the mass number of an element calculated?

    <p>Mass number = Number of protons + Number of neutrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symbol is used to denote atomic number?

    <p>Z</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the electronic configuration of the aluminum ion, Al3+?

    <p>1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle states that electrons must have opposite spins when occupying the same orbital?

    <p>Pauli Exclusion Principle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many electrons are present in a sulfur ion, S2-?

    <p>18</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Hund's rule, how should electrons be distributed in equal energy orbitals?

    <p>Electrons must occupy all orbitals singly before pairing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are isotopes?

    <p>Atoms of the same element with the same atomic number but different mass numbers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element has the same electronic configuration as the aluminum ion, Al3+?

    <p>Neon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Aston determine the average mass of chlorine in his sample?

    <p>He calculated the total mass using the mass of each isotope and their abundance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the stability of the chromium electronic configuration?

    <p>It has a half-filled 3d sublevel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a mass spectrometer?

    <p>To separate and identify isotopes as well as their relative abundances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the electronic configuration of copper, Cu?

    <p>1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 4s1, 3d10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process happens first in a mass spectrometer?

    <p>Vaporisation of the sample.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the behavior of elements in Mendeleev’s periodic table?

    <p>They are arranged by increasing atomic weight.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In mass spectrometry, how are ions accelerated?

    <p>By passing through negatively charged plates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes different isotopes in a mass spectrometer?

    <p>Their mass differences leading to varying deflections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the electron gun in the ionisation chamber of a mass spectrometer?

    <p>To knock electrons off atoms and convert them into ions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor is considered when calculating the average mass of an element's isotopes?

    <p>The abundance of each isotope in the natural sample.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do positive ions behave when passing through a magnetic field?

    <p>They move in curved paths based on their masses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct electron configuration for potassium, which has 19 electrons?

    <p>1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 4s2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy a single orbital?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Aufbau Principle state regarding electron configuration?

    <p>Electrons occupy the lowest available energy levels first</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which energy level can hold a maximum of 10 electrons in total?

    <p>Energy level 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about the order of filling electron sublevels?

    <p>3p is filled before 3d sublevel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many sublevels are present in the second energy level?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the electron configuration for an atom of calcium, which has 20 electrons?

    <p>1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 4s2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why was iodine swapped with tellurium in Mendeleev's periodic table?

    <p>Iodine has similar chemical properties to chlorine and bromine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the absence of noble gases in Mendeleev's 1869 periodic table?

    <p>They were not discovered until later.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the atomic number of an element defined as?

    <p>The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of arranging elements in the periodic table according to atomic number rather than relative atomic mass?

    <p>It results in a precise order without needing adjustments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an atomic energy level represent?

    <p>The fixed amount of energy an electron may possess.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a p orbital from a p sub-level?

    <p>A p orbital has a defined shape; a p sub-level contains multiple orbitals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electron configuration is correct for a nickel atom in its ground state?

    <p>1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon provides evidence for the existence of atomic energy levels?

    <p>Emission spectrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Greek Philosophers

    • Believed the universe was made of four elements: Earth, Air, Wind, and Fire

    Robert Boyle

    • Irish chemist
    • Provided the first accurate definition of an element
    • Described an element as a simple substance that cannot be split into simpler substances by chemical means

    Humphrey Davy

    • English chemist
    • Discovered potassium by passing electricity through a potassium compound in 1807
    • Also discovered sodium, calcium, barium, strontium, and magnesium using a similar method

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    The Periodic Table PDF

    Description

    Explore the foundational ideas of Greek philosophers about the elements and discover the contributions of Robert Boyle and Humphrey Davy to the field of chemistry. This quiz highlights key definitions and discoveries that shaped modern chemistry. Test your knowledge on the evolution of elemental theory and significant chemists.

    More Like This

    Ancient Greek Philosophy
    5 questions

    Ancient Greek Philosophy

    JovialGold avatar
    JovialGold
    Greek Philosophy and Socrates
    12 questions

    Greek Philosophy and Socrates

    GrandAlbuquerque avatar
    GrandAlbuquerque
    Greek Philosophy and Civilizations
    0 questions

    Greek Philosophy and Civilizations

    SensationalChrysoprase468 avatar
    SensationalChrysoprase468
    Overview of Greek Philosophy
    21 questions

    Overview of Greek Philosophy

    HallowedNephrite7459 avatar
    HallowedNephrite7459
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser