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Questions and Answers
Which language was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup to include object-oriented capabilities?
Which language was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup to include object-oriented capabilities?
What is the primary purpose of a compiler in programming?
What is the primary purpose of a compiler in programming?
What term describes the process of converting an algorithm into code in a programming language like C?
What term describes the process of converting an algorithm into code in a programming language like C?
Which phase of the software development process involves creating a problem statement?
Which phase of the software development process involves creating a problem statement?
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What is the main function of a linker in the programming process?
What is the main function of a linker in the programming process?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of low-level programming languages?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of low-level programming languages?
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Which programming concept is characterized by the use of self-contained units called procedures?
Which programming concept is characterized by the use of self-contained units called procedures?
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In the context of programming, what is an executable program?
In the context of programming, what is an executable program?
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Which of the following statements about interpreted languages is true?
Which of the following statements about interpreted languages is true?
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Which stage in the software development process focuses on keeping the program up-to-date and fixing bugs?
Which stage in the software development process focuses on keeping the program up-to-date and fixing bugs?
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Study Notes
Development of C
- Developed in the 1970s at AT&T Bell Laboratories by K. Thompson, D. Ritchie, and B. Kernighan.
- High-level structured language that allows direct memory access and data manipulation.
- Standard maintained by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI).
- C++ created by Bjarne Stroustrup in the 1980s, which incorporates object-oriented features.
Programming Languages
- Computer programs consist of data and instructions for operating a computer, collectively known as software.
- Programming involves writing instructions in a language understandable to both the computer and other programmers.
- Programming languages are structured sets of instructions used to build programs.
Machine Language
- Executable programs can directly operate computers, written in binary (machine language).
- Opcode (operation code) specifies which operation the computer should perform.
Assembly Language
- Assembly language substitutes symbols for opcodes and uses decimal numbers and labels for memory addressing.
Low- and High-Level Languages
- Low-level languages (machine language and assembly) are closely tied to specific computer architectures.
- Source programs are high-level language codes that need translation to machine language.
- Interpreted languages translate and execute high-level instructions immediately.
- Compiled languages translate source programs into object programs before execution.
- Linker merges machine code with object programs, producing a final executable program.
Procedural and Object-Oriented Languages
- Procedural languages are designed around procedures—self-contained units that process input data and produce output.
- Structured languages enforce guidelines for creating structured procedures.
- Object-oriented languages include C++, Java, Visual Basic, and C#, focusing on objects and classes.
- Coding an algorithm into a program is termed coding; the resulting program code is simply referred to as code.
The Software Development Process
- Systematic methods for problem-solving vary by discipline, e.g., the scientific method in science and systems approach in engineering.
- Software development involves understanding the problem and creating effective software solutions through distinct phases.
Phase I: Specify the Program's Requirements
- Begins with a program requirement based on a problem statement.
Phase II: Design and Development
- Involves planning and creating the software solution.
Phase III: Documentation
- Captures essential information regarding the software for future reference.
Phase IV: Maintenance
- Ongoing updates and troubleshooting to ensure program effectiveness.
Backup
- Keeping backup copies of program code is essential to prevent data loss.
Common Programming Errors
- Rushing the coding process without adequate understanding or planning.
- Failing to regularly back up work.
- Not acknowledging that computers require precisely defined algorithms to function correctly.
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Description
This quiz covers the development of the C programming language in the 1970s at AT&T Bell Laboratories. It highlights key figures and technical capabilities of C, including its structured nature and access to computer memory. Additionally, it introduces C++ and its object-oriented features.
