History of C++ Programming by Bjarne Stroustrup

OOP Concepts

• A class is a template/blueprint that describes the behaviors/states that an object of its type supports.
• A method is a behavior, and a class can contain many methods.
• Instance variables are unique to each object, and an object's state is created by the values assigned to these instance variables.

C++ Basics

• Identifiers are names used to identify a variable, function, class, module, or any other user-defined item.
• Identifiers start with a letter (A-Z or a-z) or an underscore (_) followed by zero or more letters, underscores, and digits (0-9).
• C++ is a case-sensitive programming language, so "Manpower" and "manpower" are two different identifiers.

Whitespace in C++

• A line containing only whitespace, possibly with a comment, is known as a blank line, and the C++ compiler ignores it.
• Whitespace separates one part of a statement from another and enables the compiler to identify where one element in a statement ends and the next begins.

Datatypes in C++

• Built-in datatypes are predefined and wired directly into the compiler, such as int, char, float, double, bool, and void.
• User-defined or abstract data types are created by the user as a class or structure.
• Basic built-in datatypes in C++ include char (1 byte), int (2 bytes), float (4 bytes), double (8 bytes), bool, and wchar_t.

History of C++

• C++ was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup at AT&T Bell Labs.
• C++ is a successor to the C programming language, which was developed by Dennis Ritchie in 1972.
• C++ development began in 1979, and the first commercial edition was released in 1985.

C++ Timeline

• 1979: Stroustrup starts working on "C with Classes" at Bell Labs.
• 1983: "C with Classes" is renamed to "C++".
• 1985: The first edition of "The C++ Programming Language" is released.
• 1989: C++ 2.0 is released.
• 1998: The first ISO Standard (C++98) is released.
• 2003: C++03, bugfixes of C++98, is released.
• 2011: C++11, a major revision, is released.
• 2014: C++14, bugfixes and small improvements of C++11, is released.
• 2017: C++17, the upcoming major version, is planned.

C++ Program

• A C++ program is a collection of objects that communicate via invoking each other's methods.
• An object has states (e.g., color, name, breed) and behaviors (e.g., wagging, barking, eating).
• An object is an instance of a class.