30 Questions
What did Eduard Buchner demonstrate in 1896 using yeast extracts?
That biochemical transformations can occur without the use of cells
What did Gregor Mendel study in pea plants?
Traits such as petal color, seed color, and seed texture
What did Johann Friedrich Miescher isolate from the nuclei of white blood cells?
A substance containing nucleic acids
What did Walter Flemming describe in 1882 during cell division?
Thread-like bodies that were visible during cell division
What is the principle that states 'all cells arise from pre-existing cells'?
The principle of biogenesis
In what year did Gregor Mendel begin his work on pea plants?
1857
What is the result of stably incorporating useful genes into the plant genome?
Stable expression of targeted gene product
What is the purpose of overproducing viral coat protein genes in transgenic plants?
To prevent the virus from reproducing in the host cell
What is the disadvantage of spraying chemical pesticides?
It leads to potential health hazards and environmental pollution
What is the benefit of genetically modified plants offering resistance to insect pathogens?
They help in bringing down or eliminating the application of chemical pesticides
What is the primary function of eco-toxicological biomarkers?
To detect subtle changes in the immediate environment
What is the term used to describe the process of converting hazardous substances into nontoxic or less toxic compounds?
Bioremediation
What is the source of the toxic protein Cry 1A(b) used in Bt cotton?
A soil bacterium called Bacillus thuringiensis
What is the purpose of inserting genes into organisms for bioremediation?
To degrade pollutants or monitor their levels
What is the effect of Bt cotton on larvae of moths and butterflies, beetles, cotton bollworms, and caterpillars?
It demonstrates insecticidal activity against them
What is the name of the gene that is responsible for the emission of light in E. coli?
Lux
What is the name of the compound that is degraded by the biphenyl dioxygenase gene?
PCB
What percentage of revenue was contributed by Bio-services in 2022-23?
18 per cent
What is the term used to describe any naturally occurring molecule that indicates specific biological processes?
Biomarker
What is the largest area covered by genetically modified crops in India?
Bt cotton
What is the primary focus of the Bio-pharma industry in India?
Vaccines manufacturing and export
Which company commercially launched the first ROTAVAC vaccine in India?
Bharat Biotech
What is the ranking of India in terms of area covered by genetically modified crops?
Fourth
What is the primary focus of the Indian government's collaborations with private pharmaceutical companies?
Research and Development
What percentage of the Indian hybrid seed industry does Bt cotton account for?
45%
What is the name of the flood, drought, and salt-tolerant rice developed through genetic modification?
No specific name is mentioned
What is the main advantage of India's bio-services sector?
Huge skilled labour force, attractive cost, and access to major markets
What is the primary focus of biotechnology?
To generate useful products for the benefit of mankind
What is the name of the company that approved Monsanto to grow Bt cotton in India?
DBT
What is the characteristic of the GM maize hybrid developed in India?
High quantity of protein and increased provitamin A
Test your knowledge of the key milestones and discoveries in the development of biochemistry and genetics. From the work of Gregor Mendel to the establishment of metabolic pathways, see how much you know about the history of these important scientific fields.
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