History of Biochemistry and Genetics

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What did Eduard Buchner demonstrate in 1896 using yeast extracts?

That biochemical transformations can occur without the use of cells (correct)
The presence of chromosomes in cell division
The discovery of nucleic acids
The ability of cells to divide

What did Gregor Mendel study in pea plants?

The properties of nucleic acids
The process of mitosis
Traits such as petal color, seed color, and seed texture (correct)
The structure of chromosomes

What did Johann Friedrich Miescher isolate from the nuclei of white blood cells?

A type of chromosome
A substance containing nucleic acids (correct)
A protein involved in cell division
A type of enzyme

What did Walter Flemming describe in 1882 during cell division?

Thread-like bodies that were visible during cell division (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle that states 'all cells arise from pre-existing cells'?

The principle of biogenesis (A) Signup and view all the answers

In what year did Gregor Mendel begin his work on pea plants?

1857 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of stably incorporating useful genes into the plant genome?

Stable expression of targeted gene product (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of overproducing viral coat protein genes in transgenic plants?

To prevent the virus from reproducing in the host cell (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the disadvantage of spraying chemical pesticides?

It leads to potential health hazards and environmental pollution (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of genetically modified plants offering resistance to insect pathogens?

They help in bringing down or eliminating the application of chemical pesticides (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of eco-toxicological biomarkers?

To detect subtle changes in the immediate environment (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the process of converting hazardous substances into nontoxic or less toxic compounds?

Bioremediation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of the toxic protein Cry 1A(b) used in Bt cotton?

A soil bacterium called Bacillus thuringiensis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of inserting genes into organisms for bioremediation?

To degrade pollutants or monitor their levels (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of Bt cotton on larvae of moths and butterflies, beetles, cotton bollworms, and caterpillars?

It demonstrates insecticidal activity against them (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the gene that is responsible for the emission of light in E. coli?

Lux (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the compound that is degraded by the biphenyl dioxygenase gene?

PCB (D) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of revenue was contributed by Bio-services in 2022-23?

18 per cent (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe any naturally occurring molecule that indicates specific biological processes?

Biomarker (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest area covered by genetically modified crops in India?

Bt cotton (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the Bio-pharma industry in India?

Vaccines manufacturing and export (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which company commercially launched the first ROTAVAC vaccine in India?

Bharat Biotech (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the ranking of India in terms of area covered by genetically modified crops?

Fourth (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the Indian government's collaborations with private pharmaceutical companies?

Research and Development (D) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the Indian hybrid seed industry does Bt cotton account for?

45% (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the flood, drought, and salt-tolerant rice developed through genetic modification?

No specific name is mentioned (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of India's bio-services sector?

Huge skilled labour force, attractive cost, and access to major markets (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of biotechnology?

To generate useful products for the benefit of mankind (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the company that approved Monsanto to grow Bt cotton in India?

DBT (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the GM maize hybrid developed in India?

High quantity of protein and increased provitamin A (B) Signup and view all the answers