History of Artificial Intelligence

Separation and Observability

• The body of an intelligent system is separated from the environment by a sensorimotor separator.
• A fully-observable environment is one where the current state can be determined by the observations.

Environment Properties

• The property where the next state of the environment is not fully determined by the current state and action is known as partial observability or non-determinism.
• An environment where actions influence future actions is known as an episodic environment.

Autonomous Systems

• Autonomous car driving falls under sequential decision-making tasks.

Artificial Intelligence

• The branch of computer science that deals with simulating intelligent behavior in computers is Artificial Intelligence (AI).
• One aspect that defines the complexity of an environment with respect to an intelligent system is partial observability.

History of AI

• Alan Turing's landmark paper in 1950 questioned whether machines can think.
• The 1956 Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence led to the coining of the phrase 'Artificial Intelligence'.

Types of AI

• Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) aims to equal human understanding in all activities.
• Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI) is designed to perform a specific task.

Machine Learning

• The main advantage of machine learning over traditional computer software is its ability to learn from data and improve over time.
• Computer Vision is a major subfield of AI focused on recognizing and interpreting visual data.
• David Hanson developed the social humanoid robot Sophia.

Machine Learning Applications

• Common real-life applications of machine learning include image recognition, natural language processing, and recommender systems.

Deep Learning

• 'Deep learning' in AI is primarily based on neural networks.

Artificial Intelligence Concepts

• Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) is differentiated from Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI) by its ability to perform any intellectual task that a human can.
• The main concept behind machine learning and artificial intelligence is enabling machines to learn from data and make decisions or take actions.