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Questions and Answers
Railways are a fundamental base; emergence of ______ begins to have vitality
Railways are a fundamental base; emergence of ______ begins to have vitality
urbanism
The ______ barked felt by people; alterations of their daily routine
The ______ barked felt by people; alterations of their daily routine
disorientation
The reason for the ______ allows the use of materials with greater rigor
The reason for the ______ allows the use of materials with greater rigor
enlightenment
Architecture has the same program as ______, theaters, banks, hospitals, schools
Architecture has the same program as ______, theaters, banks, hospitals, schools
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The ______ Architecture is heir to the architecture of iron and glass
The ______ Architecture is heir to the architecture of iron and glass
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______ is a strategy that allows, with different components, to create different programs necessary in the bourgeois city
______ is a strategy that allows, with different components, to create different programs necessary in the bourgeois city
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Ruskin, Pugin, Morris create a movement that repudiates the ______ industrial and Neoclassical architecture
Ruskin, Pugin, Morris create a movement that repudiates the ______ industrial and Neoclassical architecture
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They want to return to the ______ society of the Middle Ages
They want to return to the ______ society of the Middle Ages
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Frank Lloyd ______ was a crucial architect in the late 19th and 20th centuries.
Frank Lloyd ______ was a crucial architect in the late 19th and 20th centuries.
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The ______ Residence, Oak Park, Illinois, was built in 1892.
The ______ Residence, Oak Park, Illinois, was built in 1892.
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The Pavilhão da ______ Soviética was built in Paris, 1925
The Pavilhão da ______ Soviética was built in Paris, 1925
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Frank Lloyd Wright's style is characterized by ______ Geometry and compositions.
Frank Lloyd Wright's style is characterized by ______ Geometry and compositions.
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The Casa do Arquiteto in Moscovo, 1927, is a representation of ______ architecture
The Casa do Arquiteto in Moscovo, 1927, is a representation of ______ architecture
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The ______ Temple, Oak Park, Illinois, is an example of Wright's innovative architecture.
The ______ Temple, Oak Park, Illinois, is an example of Wright's innovative architecture.
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The Clube Rusakov in Moscovo, 1927-1929, was a ______ social
The Clube Rusakov in Moscovo, 1927-1929, was a ______ social
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The Clube Zuyev in Moscovo, 1927-1928, was designed by ______ Golosov
The Clube Zuyev in Moscovo, 1927-1928, was designed by ______ Golosov
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Wright's Robie House, Chicago, Illinois, features prominent ______ elements.
Wright's Robie House, Chicago, Illinois, features prominent ______ elements.
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Frank Lloyd Wright's Fallingwater, Pensylvania, is a masterpiece of ______ architecture.
Frank Lloyd Wright's Fallingwater, Pensylvania, is a masterpiece of ______ architecture.
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The Conjunto habitacional Narkonfin in Moscovo, 1928-1929, was designed by ______ Ginsburg/I
The Conjunto habitacional Narkonfin in Moscovo, 1928-1929, was designed by ______ Ginsburg/I
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Richardson, Sullivan, and Frank Lloyd ______ were influential architects of their time.
Richardson, Sullivan, and Frank Lloyd ______ were influential architects of their time.
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The ______ style is characterized by a building being divided into two parts, but not being symmetrical
The ______ style is characterized by a building being divided into two parts, but not being symmetrical
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Frank Lloyd Wright's Heurtley Residence, Illinois, features elements of ______ between the landscape and the house.
Frank Lloyd Wright's Heurtley Residence, Illinois, features elements of ______ between the landscape and the house.
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The Goodrich Residence, Oak Park, Illinois, has a ______ that advances towards the front.
The Goodrich Residence, Oak Park, Illinois, has a ______ that advances towards the front.
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Frank Lloyd Wright's architecture often features a strong connection with ______.
Frank Lloyd Wright's architecture often features a strong connection with ______.
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The ______ barked very loudly and ran away.
The ______ barked very loudly and ran away.
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Daniel Burnham was invited to design the ______ Colombiana in Chicago.
Daniel Burnham was invited to design the ______ Colombiana in Chicago.
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The ______ of Chicago interrupted the school of Chicago and its architects began to fall behind.
The ______ of Chicago interrupted the school of Chicago and its architects began to fall behind.
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When Mies arrived in Chicago, it was a way to ______ the history.
When Mies arrived in Chicago, it was a way to ______ the history.
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The ______ of 1892 was a metro structure that crossed the Loop street.
The ______ of 1892 was a metro structure that crossed the Loop street.
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Ottis was the first example of an ______ in New York City.
Ottis was the first example of an ______ in New York City.
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Fair Store in Chicago was built in ______.
Fair Store in Chicago was built in ______.
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The ______ Leiter Building was designed by William Le Baron Jenney.
The ______ Leiter Building was designed by William Le Baron Jenney.
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Henry Hobson Richardson introduced the themes of ______ for the first time.
Henry Hobson Richardson introduced the themes of ______ for the first time.
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The ______ Church, Boston, was built between 1872-1877.
The ______ Church, Boston, was built between 1872-1877.
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The Razão política/militar was to open the boulevards in an axial form to _______ the protests and barricades
The Razão política/militar was to open the boulevards in an axial form to _______ the protests and barricades
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Cerdá's plan of 1855 was a simultaneous but different _______ of urban reform
Cerdá's plan of 1855 was a simultaneous but different _______ of urban reform
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The Einsteinturm in Berlin, built between 1919-21, is an example of _______ architecture
The Einsteinturm in Berlin, built between 1919-21, is an example of _______ architecture
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The Ilustração de Lyonel Feininger for the Bauhaus program in 1919 is a typical _______ drawing
The Ilustração de Lyonel Feininger for the Bauhaus program in 1919 is a typical _______ drawing
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The Russian _______ is fundamental to understanding contemporary architecture
The Russian _______ is fundamental to understanding contemporary architecture
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Kazimir Malevich's 'Quadrado preto sobre fundo branco' is an example of _______ art
Kazimir Malevich's 'Quadrado preto sobre fundo branco' is an example of _______ art
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The _______ of Paris in 1925 marked the climax of the Russian message
The _______ of Paris in 1925 marked the climax of the Russian message
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The Palácio dos Sovietes in 1932 marked the end of the _______ movement
The Palácio dos Sovietes in 1932 marked the end of the _______ movement
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Kazimir Malevich's 'O Lenhador' is an example of a _______ painting
Kazimir Malevich's 'O Lenhador' is an example of a _______ painting
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The _______ of 1917 marked the beginning of the Russian Revolution
The _______ of 1917 marked the beginning of the Russian Revolution
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Study Notes
Desorientation and the Emergence of Industrialization
- People felt disoriented due to changes in their daily lives
- Malaise in civilization; social relationships changed
- Accelerated growth and industrialization led to a vertiginous process
- Development of railroads (first attempt failed in Liverpool and Manchester)
The Emergence of Urbanism
- Railroads became a fundamental base for urban planning
- Construction of rail networks allowed for urban vitality
- Machines and production modes changed the way cities were built
- The Enlightenment's emphasis on reason enabled the use of materials with greater rigor
Architecture and the Industrial Revolution
- Architecture had the same program as industry (parliaments, theaters, banks, hospitals, schools with greater rigor)
- High-Tech Architecture is the heir to iron and glass architecture
- Neoclassicism is a strategy that allows for different components to create different programs needed in the bourgeois city
Medieval Revivalism
- Medieval Revivalism is antagonistic to iron and glass architecture
- Ruskin, Pugin, and Morris rejected industrialization and Neoclassical architecture, advocating for manual work and a return to a harmonious society
- They designed buildings with a focus on the whole, creating a work of art
The Columbian Exposition and the Chicago School
- The Columbian Exposition in Chicago (1893) interrupted the development of the Chicago School
- Daniel Burnham's design for the exposition was a caricature of European classicism
- The Chicago School's architects, including Frank Lloyd Wright, were set back by the exposition's interruption
The Development of Skyscrapers
- The first skyscrapers were built in Chicago, with the use of steel and elevators
- The Rookery Building (1885-1888) was a key example of the Chicago School's style
- Burnham and Root's Relliance Building (1891-1895) showcased the development of the skyscraper
Frank Lloyd Wright
- Wright's work was characterized by open spaces, natural light, and a focus on the landscape
- His designs were influenced by Japanese culture and the Prairie School
- Wright's Robie House (1906) is considered a masterpiece of the Prairie School style
Wright's Organic Architecture
- Wright's organic architecture emphasized harmony with the natural environment
- He used natural materials and developed a unique style that integrated buildings into the landscape
- Fallingwater (1935-1939) is a seminal example of Wright's organic architecture
Utopian Communities
- Charles Fourier's Phalanstery (1841) was an early example of a utopian community
- Jean Baptiste Godin's Familistery of Guise (1871) was another example of a utopian community
- These communities were characterized by a focus on social reform and alternative living arrangements
Urban Planning and Reform
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Georges Haussmann's urban planning reforms in Paris (1850s-1860s) were a response to the city's growth and congestion
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Haussmann's reforms included the creation of wide boulevards and public buildings, and were exportable to other cities.### Haussmann's Urban Planning
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Haussmann's urban planning aimed to create a modern and hygienic city, transforming Paris from a medieval to a modern model
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The plan included the creation of axial boulevards, clearing the city center, and imposing a uniform façade design (e.g., Baixa Pombalina)
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The goal was to make Paris the center of the world and prepare it for the 20th century
Cerdá's Urban Planning
- Cerdá, a Spanish urban planner, created a similar but distinct plan for Barcelona in 1855
- The plan focused on creating a city of expansion through the amplification of existing structures
- Cerdá's design included the creation of crosses and intersecting roads, initially planned for animal-drawn traffic
- His model was exported to Spain's colonies and featured public spaces within blocks
Modern Urban Planning
- Modern urban planning involves creating differentiated spaces through precise rules and effective management of space
- The 1970 plan for urban expansion in a liberal city aimed to create a modern and functional city
Expressionist Architecture
- Erich Mendelsohn's Einstein Tower (1919-21) in Berlin is an example of expressionist architecture
- The building's design features rapid, sketch-like forms, and windows resembling caverns
- Lyonel Feininger's illustration for the Bauhaus program (1919) showcases a typically expressionist design
Russian Constructivism
- Russian Constructivism is crucial for understanding contemporary architecture (last 20-40 years)
- Key architects like Rem Koolhaas and Zaha Hadid were influenced by Russian Constructivism
- The movement began in the early 20th century, stagnated under Stalin, and was rediscovered in the 1980s
- Russian Constructivism involved experimental structures, the relationship between art and power, and the abolition of private property
- The movement aimed to create a laboratory-like space, transforming it into architecture
Key Figures and Events
- Lenin's revolution in 1917 marked the beginning of the Soviet era and the rise of Russian Constructivism
- The Agit Prop (Agitation and Propaganda) movement used posters and art to promote the revolution
- UNOVIS (1919) was a school of new art founded by Malevich, where art and architecture merged
- ASNOVA was a generation of new architects, including Landusky
Kazimir Malevich and Suprematism
- Kazimir Malevich was a key figure in Russian Constructivism and the founder of Suprematism
- Suprematism sought to create a spiritual, abstract, and non-representational art form
- Malevich's works, such as "The Woodcutter" (1912-1913) and "Black Square on White" (1914-1915), exemplify the style
- Suprematism aimed to create a sense of spirituality and the ultimate value in art
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Description
This quiz covers the impact of industrialization on society, including changes in daily life, social relationships, and urban development.
