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Questions and Answers

What is the name of the mineral that was of greatest importance to Greek architecture?

Marble

What architectural term is used to describe a building that is free from any historical style such as classical, gothic or renaissance?

Art Noveau

What is the name of the temple generally considered as being the most nearly perfect building ever erected?

Parthenon

What is the name of the architect who erected the imposing entrance to the Acropolis?

<p>Mnesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the tomb of the pharaohs in Egyptian architecture?

<p>Pyramid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the architect who designed the Chrysler Building in New York?

<p>Van Alen</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is the architect of the Taj Mahal?

<p>Shah Jahan</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is the architect of the Sagrada Familia in Barcelona?

<p>Antoni Gaudí</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the architect who designed the Robinson Galleria?

<p>William Cosculluela</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the architect who designed the Lung Center of the Philippines?

<p>George Ramos</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the architect who designed the Einstein Tower?

<p>Erich Mendelsohn</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the architect who designed the Batasang Pambansa?

<p>Felipe Mendoza</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Pyramid

A monumental tomb built for Egyptian pharaohs.

Great Pyramid at Gizeh

Built during the 4th dynasty by Pharaoh Cheops, it's the largest pyramid.

Marble

A crucial material for Greek architecture provided by Greece and its domains.

Columnar trabeated

Greek architecture characterized by columns and horizontal beams.

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Parthenon

The nearly perfect building in the Acropolis, dedicated to Athena.

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St. Sophia, Constantinople

Finest example of Byzantine architecture known for its large dome.

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Romanesque architecture

Characterized by heavy masonry, round arches, and a dignified appearance.

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Doric order

The simplest classical column style, with no base and fluted shaft.

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Hypostyle Hall

A large room with a roof supported by many columns, typical in Egyptian temples.

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Agora

Ancient Greek public space for assembly and markets.

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Minaret

A tower in a mosque from which the call to prayer is announced.

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Apotheca

An ancient storeroom, often for wine, in Greek and Roman architecture.

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Baroque architecture

A highly decorative and elaborate style in architecture from the late Renaissance period.

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Mudejar architecture

A style that combines Christian, Spanish, and Muslim elements, prominent in the 12th-16th centuries.

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Imperial Forum

The public square in ancient Rome, a gathering place for citizens.

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Caryatid

A female figure used as a supporting column in Greek architecture.

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Hagia Sophia

The greatest example of Byzantine architecture, originally a cathedral, now a mosque.

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Taj Mahal

A white marble mausoleum in India, an example of Mughal architecture.

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Clepsydra

An ancient water clock used for measuring time.

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Vespa

A Roman building used for gladiatorial contests, also known as amphitheater.

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Erechtheion

An ancient Greek temple on the Acropolis, known for its Caryatids.

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Colonnade

A row of columns supporting a roof or entablature.

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Crypt

A space beneath a church, often used for burials.

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Prytaneion

The senate house for chief dignitaries in ancient Greek architecture.

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Odeion

A building used for public performances in ancient Greece.

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Forum Romanum

The oldest and most important forum in Rome.

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Echinus

The convex molding supporting the abacus of a Doric capital.

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Cella

The main inner chamber of a temple, typically housing the deity.

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Ambulatory

A covered walk in a church or cloister, leading around an open space.

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Pediment

A triangular space above a building's entrance, often decorated.

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Study Notes

History of Architecture

  • Egyptian Architecture: Pharaoh's tombs were significant. The Great Pyramid at Giza was constructed during the 4th dynasty.
  • Greek Architecture: Greek architecture predominantly used marble. It was essentially columnar trabeated. The Parthenon is a prime example, considered a nearly perfect building. The Acropolis housed important structures. The Stoa was a long colonnaded shelter.
  • Roman Architecture: Utilized concrete, achieved vast interior spaces. Added the composite order to Greek orders. Notable structures include the Pantheon.
  • Byzantine Architecture: Characterized by the extensive use of domical roof constructions, exemplified by structures like Hagia Sophia. Emphasized sober and dignified styling.
  • Romanesque Architecture: Distinguished by the use of marble for facing walls (Italy) compared to other European regions. Notable examples include structures in Pisa. The characteristic of this style is a robust, often heavy appearance.
  • Gothic Architecture: Characterized by architectural elements such as pointed arches and stained-glass windows, as well as other features.
  • Renaissance Architecture: A significant revival of classical forms marked by balanced compositions, and symmetry. This era demonstrated a renewed interest in the details and forms of classical antiquity.
  • Baroque Architecture: Known for ornamentation and elaborate designs.
  • Modern Architecture: Features diverse styles and focuses on function and structure over elaborate ornamentation, with emphasis on innovative and functional building solutions.
  • Islamic Architecture: Includes architectural features specific to the Islamic faith.

Architectural Elements and Concepts

  • Orders: Greek architectural orders (Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, Composite).
  • Vaults: Arch and vault structures were integral to Roman and Gothic structures, with Romanesque architecture using arches extensively.
  • Columns: Supporting structures used extensively in various architectural styles, including Greek and Roman orders. They served both structural and decorative purposes.
  • Walls and Facades: Varied building techniques were used to construct walls, from brickwork to stone and marble, in different architectural styles.
  • Roofs: Roofing styles and materials varied considerably.
  • Ornaments: Various decorative elements employed in different architectural styles (antefixes, acroteria, Anthemion, etc.).
  • Interior Features: Features such as courtyards, windows, and alcoves are common in many cultures.
  • Types of Buildings: Various structures such as temples, houses, palaces, and public squares are all well-defined within the architecture of different styles and cultures.
  • Planning and Design: Considerations such as orientation and function are important during construction stages.

Key Figures and Architects

  • Notable Architects: Individuals like Imhotep, Mnesicles, and others played significant roles in shaping architectural styles, through planning, design, and construction decisions.
  • Schools and Movements: Schools and movements in architecture (e.g., Bauhaus, Art Nouveau) have impacted the development of architectural features and styles.

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