History of Accommodation: Ancient Lodging

• Accommodation is a place where travelers can sleep and find other services like Hotels, Resorts, Hostels, or Motels.
• Accommodation refers to a room, building, or lodging that provides shelter for a person to stay, sleep, and live.

History of the Lodging Industry: Ancient History

• Hospitality in ancient Greece was provided by missionaries, priests, and pilgrims.
• Accommodations were meager, offering only shelter and sustenance.
• In early times, slaves belonging to temples or holy places operated these accommodations.
• Gradually, freemen replaced slaves, but were still considered of low social prestige.
• Inns in ancient Rome were large mansions, requiring guests to carry a "letter of eviction" from government officials to prove permission to travel.
• Taverns were called "tabernas," and attached inns were called "caponas," but their quality was poor.
• Caravanserais in the Near East were accommodations with courtyards that protected against enemies.
• Inside the caravanserais, platforms were constructed for travelers to sleep on.
• Taverns and inns provided shelter for merchants, actors, and scholars in the later Roman Empire.
• Accommodations were primitive, often lacking stables for horses or rooms for people.
• Post houses along caravan routes became the focus of hospitality.
• Marco Polo described post houses known as yams as apartments suitable for a king.

History of the Lodging Industry: Post Mid-20th Century

• Cars became extremely popular leading to intercity travel becoming more convenient
• Motels were small wooden cabins, such as 10x10 foot
• This allowed travelers to take rest during their nighttime journeys
• Motels were built alongside main highways to host people who wanted to take a rest for a few hours or stay overnight
• The concept of the motel was well received and exponentially took over through the later stages
• As motels were convenient and affordable it did well

History of the Lodging Industry: Middle Ages

• The term "hostelers," meaning "inn holders," originated from the Old French word "ostel."
• "Hostelers" shifted in meaning from "owner" of the inn to "inn-servant," with the "h" sometimes dropped.
• The term "hostel," meaning inn, wasn't used until the the 1800s
• Hostels are now accommodations of lower quality, and "hostelers" are guests.
• The hotel industry grew during the Crusades and featured a standard design.
• Enclosed courtyards were surrounded by the kitchen, tavern, and public rooms with sleeping rooms and stables along the back.

History of the Lodging Industry: Colonial Period

• Public coach service established routes between cities, stopping where passengers wanted.
• Coach inns were built along these routes, primarily where teams of horses were changed; the British called these inns "ordinary".
• The United States Postal Service, established in 1710, designated the Atlantic Coast Post roads as primary routes.
• Entrepreneurial farmers converted their farmhouses into inns where coach passengers slept in a long room with their feet towards the fire.

History of the Lodging Industry: Nineteenth Century

• Railroads greatly influenced the hotel/motel industry as depot hotels began to arise in the early 1800s.
• Hotels were often connected directly to the train stations.
• This concept mirrors today's airport hostels with shuttle buses.
• The year 1829 marks a significant milestone with the American hospitality industry.
• Isaiah Rogers designed the first luxury "Tremont Hotel" in Boston, Massachusett.
• Tremont Hotel used a steam-powered pump to lift water to the storage tank on the roof.
• In 1889, Cesar Ritz became manager at the Savoy in London.
• He later opened his own London Ritz and luxury hotels in Paris, New York, and other countries.

History of the Lodging Industry: Twentieth Century

• Giant hotel chains emerged.
• Elsworth Milton Statler opened his first hotel in Buffalo, New York, in 1907, featuring private bathrooms.
• He focused to cater to business travelers.
• In 1919, Conrad Hilton opened his first hotel in Texas, later buying Statler's chain in 1954.
• Marriot (1927), Sheraton (1937), and Hyatt (1957) became massive industry players.
• Kemmons Wilson started Holiday Inn in 1952 to build family-friendly hotels.
• Wilson aimed for family-friendly hotels.
• Holiday Group built its 1000th Holiday Inn in 1968.

History of the Lodging Industry: Advent of Air Travel

• Air travel matured after World War II, becoming accessible to the masses, which caused business to boom.
• Conventions and conferences became integral to commerce.
• Business travelers became the most important lodging guests.
• The United Nations World Tourism Organization announced September 27 as "World Tourism Day" in 1980, to bring awareness.
• Airbnb emerged as a new segment in the hospitality industry in 2008.

Types of Hotel Properties

• Hotels
• Motels
• All-suites
• Select-service Hotels
• Extended hotels

Market Orientation/Location

• Residential : city-center/downtown or sub-urban
• Commercial: city-center/downtown, sub-urban, airport or highway/motels

Sales Indicators

• Occupancy
• Average Daily Rate
• Yield Percentage
• Revenue Per Available Room
• Gross Operating Profit Per Available Room
• Revenue Per Available Customer

Hotels: Levels of Service

• Full-service
• All-suites
• Select-service / Limited Service
• Extended-stay
• Mid-market

Hotels: Affiliation

• Chain
• Franchise
• Company-Owned Referral
• Management Contract
• Independent

Sectors

• MICE
• Travel and Tourism
• Recreation and Entertainment
• Lodging industry
• Food and Beverage

Guest Cycle of Service

• Pre-arrival
• Arrival
• Occupation
• Departure

Options: Bed sizes

• King
• Queen
• Double
• Single

Options: Room Types

• Suites
• Deluxe
• Economy
• Presidential
• Standard

Hotel Dimensions

• Arrival and Departure
• Public areas
• Bedrooms
• Bathrooms
• Food and Beverage
• Amenities
• Business practices

Hotel Codes

• VC - Vacant Clean
• VR - Vacant Ready
• OC - Occupied Clean
• OOO - Out of Order
• DND - Do not Disturb
• CO - Check Out
• OD - Occupied Dirty
• OR - Occupied Ready
• VO/OV - Status Unclear
• Department of Tourism is responsible for rating hotels, accreditation and evaluation of hotels
• The Front office is the nerve center of the hotel, whereas the Housekeeping is the heart of the hotel

Star Rating

• 5 Star - 851 - 1000 points
• 4 Star - 701 - 850 points
• 3 Star - 551 - 700 points
• 2 Star - 401 - 550 points
• 1 Star - 251 - 400 points

Size

• Small hotels have below 150 rooms
• Medium hotels have 151 to 400 rooms
• Large hotels have 401 to 600 rooms and
• Mega hotels have more than 600

Key Hotel People

• Kemmons Wilson opened his first Holiday Inn in Memphis, Tennessee, on August 1, 1952.
• Wilson let children could stay for free and providing swimming pools, air conditioning, free cribs, telephones, television, ice and free parking.
• Wallace Johnson started the Holiday Inn hotel chain in the 1950s, teaming with Kemmons Wilson.
• Cesar Ritz was a Swiss hotelier who founded the Hôtel Ritz in Paris and has hotels in London
• Ritz was an early hotel chain founder known as "King of Hoteliers and Hotelier to Kings".
• Conrad Hilton was an American hotel magnate, politician, and founder of the Hilton Hotels chain.
• Hilton entered the hotel business by buying the Mobley Hotel in Cisco, Texas, in 1919.
• Hilton formed the Hilton Hotels Corporation in 1946 and Hilton International Company in 1948.
• John Willard Marriott was an American entrepreneur and businessman.
• Marriott was the founder of the Marriott Corporation (later Marriott International in 1993).
• Marriott began as a small root beer stand in Washington, D.C., went into family restaurants, and its first motel was created in 1957.
• Ellsworth M. Statler was an American hotel businessman and founder of the Statler Hotels chain.
• Statler built his first permanent hotel in Buffalo, New York, in 1907, being the first major hotel to have a private bath/shower with running water in every room.
• William Waldorf Astor an American-English attorney initiated the construction of the luxurious Waldorf Hotel.
• John Jacob Astor IV an American business magnate built one of the Astoria Hotel in New York
• Ernest Henderson Harvard classmates purchased the Continental Hotel in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
• Pritzker Jay Pritzker, the founder of the Hyatt Corporation purchased the first Hyatt Hotel in 1957. Responsible for the corporations evolution.
• An American businessman, industrialist and railroad magnate who spent most of his career in Canada, Cornelius Van Horne founded of Raffles Hotel
• Ray Schultz Founded the Hampton Inn Hotels, after Hampton has grown since it was founded in 1983
• Isadore Sharpe, Canadian hotelier and philanthropist, is the founder and chairman of Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts,
• Juan Trippe Founded InterContinental Hotels & Resorts which is a British-American luxury, It has been part of UK-based InterContinental Hotels Group since 1998.
• Gérard Pelisson, French hotelier and businessman, the co-founder of the Accor Group
• Paul Dubrule, French businessman created AccorHotels with Pelisson in 1967.
• Fred Trammell Crow American real estate developer founded Wyndham Hotels and Resorts in 1981 in Dallas, Texas, U.S.

Explore the ancient history of accommodation, from meager shelters offered by missionaries in Greece to the large mansions serving as inns in ancient. Early forms of hospitality prioritized basic shelter and sustenance. Eventually, accommodations evolved from temple-operated shelters to include Roman taverns and Near Eastern caravanserais.