Questions and Answers
Who was Pocahontas?
Pocahontas was Powhatan's daughter who served as an intermediary between Indians and settlers at Jamestown and married John Rolfe.
What did John Rolfe discover?
John Rolfe discovered how to successfully grow and cure tobacco for export.
Who was Lord Baltimore?
Lord Baltimore, also known as George Calvert, was the founder of Maryland, which offered religious freedom.
What happened during Walter Raleigh's expedition?
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What was John Smith's contribution to Jamestown?
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Who was William Penn?
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What was Elizabeth I's significance?
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What did Henry VIII accomplish?
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What is a joint-stock company?
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What was the House of Burgesses?
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What is a royal charter?
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What are slave codes?
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What is a yeoman?
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What is the law of primogeniture?
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What is indentured servitude?
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What was the Starving Time?
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What was the primary purpose of the English settlement of Jamestown?
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What features were common to all of the southern colonies?
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Study Notes
Key Historical Figures and Events
- Pocahontas: Daughter of Powhatan, acted as an intermediary between Native Americans and Jamestown settlers, married John Rolfe to foster peace.
- John Rolfe: English settler who cultivated tobacco in Virginia, leading to economic success; married Pocahontas.
- Lord Baltimore (George Calvert): Established Maryland as a colony for Roman Catholics seeking religious freedom.
- Walter Raleigh: Organized the 1585 expedition to Roanoke Island, which mysteriously disappeared.
- John Smith: Key leader in founding and governing Jamestown; enforced discipline with the motto, "He who shall not work shall not eat."
- William Penn: Quaker leader who founded Pennsylvania for religious freedom and peaceful coexistence.
- Elizabeth I: Queen from 1558 to 1603, solidified Protestantism in England and suppressed Irish uprisings.
- Henry VIII: King whose split with the Roman Catholic Church initiated the English Protestant Reformation.
Economic and Social Structures
- Joint-stock Company: Group of shareholders funding colonization, sharing profits and debts, enabling overseas ventures.
- House of Burgesses: Established in 1619 as the first legislative assembly in colonial America, setting a precedent for governance.
- Royal Charter: Document granting rights to form colonies, securing settlers' rights as English citizens.
- Slave Codes: Laws governing enslaved African Americans, limiting rights and legalizing slavery in colonies like Barbados.
- Yeoman: Southern small farm owner without slaves, contributing to the agrarian economy.
- Law of Primogeniture: Established rights of the eldest son to inherit family estate, impacting land distribution.
Labor Systems and Challenges
- Indentured Servitude: Voluntary labor arrangement where individuals contracted services in exchange for passage and land.
- Starving Time (1609-1610): Severe winter in Virginia where 340 of 400 settlers perished from starvation and lack of survival skills.
Colonization Goals and Characteristics
- Jamestown's Purpose: Aimed to enhance England's wealth through colonization, initially seeking gold and a Northwest passage; ultimately succeeded through tobacco cultivation.
- Southern Colonies: Primarily focused on agriculture and cash crops, heavily relying on indentured servitude, which transitioned to slave labor for sustained economic growth.
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Description
Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering key figures from Chapter 2. Learn about Pocahontas and John Rolfe's roles in early American history and interactions between Native Americans and settlers. Perfect for students studying US history or preparing for exams.