History Chapter 9 Study Guide Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

Which pope unsuccessfully opposed the French king for taxing the clergy?

Boniface VIII

What is Simony?

Selling of church offices

How did Henry II and Pope Innocent III clash over?

Who would be the archbishop of Canterbury

What established the principle that the king's power is limited?

The Magna Carta Signup and view all the answers

How was parliament able to serve as a check on the kings' power?

By asserting its power of the purse Signup and view all the answers

What was the name for the land around Paris that was ruled by kings?

Ile-de-France Signup and view all the answers

What English king did Philip II take land from when he tripled the size of his domain?

John Signup and view all the answers

What were the primary goals of Louis IX's reign over France?

Peace and justice Signup and view all the answers

Which pope called the first Crusade in 1095?

Urban II Signup and view all the answers

Which of the Crusades was the most successful?

First Crusade Signup and view all the answers

Name 3 kings that participated in the King's Crusade.

Frederick Barbarossa of Germany, Philip Augustus of France, Richard the Lion-Hearted of England Signup and view all the answers

What city was captured at the end of the Fourth Crusade?

Constantinople Signup and view all the answers

What is heresy?

Holding beliefs contrary to the teachings of the church Signup and view all the answers

Who laid the foundation for a unified England?

Alfred the Great Signup and view all the answers

What did Henry II's uniform laws for all of England come to be known as?

Common law Signup and view all the answers

What English legislative body was established by Edward I?

Parliament Signup and view all the answers

Who established the Estates-General?

Philip IV Signup and view all the answers

Who subdued the Welsh and made his son prince of Wales?

Edward I Signup and view all the answers

Who made England part of the Danish Empire?

Canute Signup and view all the answers

Who was called Barbarossa and married his son to the heiress of Sicily?

Frederick I (Barbarossa) Signup and view all the answers

What king was forced to sign the Magna Carta?

John Signup and view all the answers

Who was defeated in battle by Richard but was successful in holding Jerusalem?

Saladin Signup and view all the answers

Who was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 962?

Otto I Signup and view all the answers

Define lay investiture.

Appointment of clergymen to positions of authority Signup and view all the answers

Define mendicant orders.

Kings and nobles Signup and view all the answers

Define excommunication.

An act of depriving an individual of the Sacraments and church fellowship Signup and view all the answers

Define inquisition.

Church court Signup and view all the answers

What agreement ended the controversy over who appointed clergymen?

Concordat of Worms Signup and view all the answers

What does the word Friar mean?

Brother Signup and view all the answers

Why did Bernard of Clairvaux adopt a life of seclusion and strict discipline?

As a means of reforming the church Signup and view all the answers

Why was the College of Cardinals created?

To ensure that churchmen rather than Roman nobles or German kings would choose the popes Signup and view all the answers

Which order of monks became closely associated with the Inquisition?

Dominicans Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with establishing the Holy Roman Empire?

Otto the Great Signup and view all the answers

Who was given the title 'founder of the English navy'?

Alfred the Great Signup and view all the answers

At the beginning of the Capetian rule of France, who opposed more land and authority than the king?

Powerful lords Signup and view all the answers

What was the Fourth Crusade centered on?

Economic issues Signup and view all the answers

What promoted an increase of trade and the use of a money economy?

The Crusades Signup and view all the answers

What motivated the Crusaders to go to the Holy Land?

The desire to serve Christ, defend the church, & rescue the Holy Sepulcher; the desire for adventure; seeking an escape from humdrum life on the manor; hopes of gaining fame or fortune; for the joy of fighting with the blessings of the church; looking for new opportunities for commercial gain. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Papacy and Church Practices

Boniface VIII unsuccessfully opposed the French king over taxing the clergy.
Simony refers to the selling of church offices.
Heresy is the holding of beliefs contrary to the teachings of the church.
Lay investiture is the appointment of clergymen to positions of authority.

Kings and Governance

The Magna Carta established the principle that the king's power is limited.
Parliament served as a check on the king's power by asserting its power of the purse.
Common law refers to the uniform laws for all of England established by Henry II.
Edward I established the English legislative body known as parliament.
Philip IV established the Estates-General in France.
Canute made England part of the Danish Empire.

Crusades and Religious Conflicts

Pope Urban II called for the First Crusade in 1095, which was the most successful Crusade.
Key figures in the King's Crusade included Frederick Barbarossa (Germany), Philip Augustus (France), and Richard the Lion-Hearted (England).
Constantinople was captured at the end of the Fourth Crusade.
Saladin was defeated in battle by Richard but successfully held Jerusalem.
The Fourth Crusade centered around economic issues, promoting trade and a money economy.
Crusaders were motivated by a desire to serve Christ, defend the church, seek adventure, gain fame or fortune, and explore commercial opportunities.

Historical Figures

Alfred the Great is credited with laying the foundation for a unified England and is considered the "founder of the English navy."
Otto I was crowned Holy Roman emperor in 962 and is recognized for establishing the Holy Roman Empire.
Frederick I, known as Barbarossa, married his son to the heiress of Sicily.

Church Reform and Orders

Bernard of Clairvaux adopted a life of seclusion for church reform.
The College of Cardinals was created to ensure that churchmen, rather than nobles or kings, would choose the popes.
Dominicans became closely associated with the Inquisition, which was a church court aimed at maintaining doctrinal purity.

Key Agreements

The Concordat of Worms ended the controversy over who appointed clergymen, resolving conflicts between church and state.

Land and Power Dynamics

Ile-de-France is the land around Paris ruled by kings.
King John lost land to Philip II of France, who tripled his domain.
Edward I subdued the Welsh and made his son the prince of Wales.

Additional Definitions

Mendicant orders are religious communities that rely on charity.
Excommunication is the act of depriving an individual of the sacraments and church fellowship.

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Description

Review essential concepts from Chapter 9 with these flashcards. This study guide covers critical topics such as key historical figures and events that shaped the relationship between the church and the monarchy. Perfect for students preparing for exams or seeking to deepen their understanding of history.