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Questions and Answers
What was the goal of intellectuals and new political leaders in Asia?
What was the goal of intellectuals and new political leaders in Asia?
What were the similarities between the Nationalist and Communist Parties in China?
What were the similarities between the Nationalist and Communist Parties in China?
What contributed to the idea of national unity in India?
What contributed to the idea of national unity in India?
The construction of a vast railway network.
What did the British do to control India?
What did the British do to control India?
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What was the Indian National Congress initially aiming for?
What was the Indian National Congress initially aiming for?
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What was the main concern of the Muslim League?
What was the main concern of the Muslim League?
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Why did many Indians serve in the British Army during the war?
Why did many Indians serve in the British Army during the war?
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Who was Mohandas Gandhi?
Who was Mohandas Gandhi?
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What philosophical approach did Gandhi embrace?
What philosophical approach did Gandhi embrace?
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Gandhi's philosophy included the belief in _____ living.
Gandhi's philosophy included the belief in _____ living.
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What is satyagraha?
What is satyagraha?
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What were the two mass movements launched by Gandhi?
What were the two mass movements launched by Gandhi?
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What did the Indian National Congress and Indian Communist Party oppose?
What did the Indian National Congress and Indian Communist Party oppose?
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Study Notes
Anticolonialism in Asia
- Intellectuals aimed for independence from foreign powers and national unity in Asia.
- India's pursuit of national identity was complicated by sectarian differences between Hindus and Muslims.
- China faced foreign domination and civil war, with the Nationalist and Communist Parties vying for control.
Nationalist and Communist Parties
- Both parties opposed foreign control and rejected the old social order.
- Aimed to achieve a unified Chinese state.
Contribution to National Unity in India
- The vast railway network facilitated the transport of raw materials and improved connectivity among people.
British Control of India
- The British trained a class of educated Indian administrators to assist in governance.
- European education shaped the local intelligentsia's understanding of political and social values.
Indian National Congress
- Initially sought cooperation with the British for self-rule but shifted to a stance of opposition after WWI.
Muslim League
- Concerned about potential Hindu oppression of the Muslim minority after independence, alongside a shared goal of achieving independence.
Indian Participation in the British Army
- Over one million Indians served in British forces during WWI.
- The Indian National Congress temporarily suspended self-rule campaigns in support of Britain.
- Following the war, disillusionment grew as British promises for autonomy fell short, highlighted by the Amritsar massacre where 379 demonstrators were killed.
Mohandas Gandhi
- Moved to South Africa in 1893, where he opposed racial segregation and fought for Indian rights.
Gandhi's Philosophy
- Emphasized ahimsa (tolerance and nonviolence) and developed satyagraha (truth and firmness) as methods of resistance.
- Advocated for simple living, vegetarianism, and daily study of the Bhagavad Gita.
Satyagraha
- A form of nonviolent resistance initiated by Gandhi to oppose British rule in India and promote political change.
Gandhi's Leadership
- Transformed the Indian National Congress into a mass movement and launched key initiatives against British rule.
Key Movements Led by Gandhi
- The Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922) encouraged boycotting British goods, promoting self-sufficiency, and reviving local industries.
- The Civil Disobedience Movement (1930) encouraged protests against British institutions; violence often erupted despite calls for nonviolence.
Organizations Opposing British Rule in India
- The Indian National Congress under Gandhi’s leadership played a vital role in the independence movement.
- The Indian Communist Party also emerged as an opposing entity, supporting the quest for independence.
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Description
Explore key concepts from Chapter 36, focusing on the goals of intellectuals and political leaders in Asia, particularly in the context of anticolonialism. This chapter examines the struggle for national identity and independence against foreign powers, highlighting the complexities faced in India and China. Test your understanding with these flashcards!
