History Chapter 24 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

Who was Joseph Stalin?

  • Fascist leader of Italy
  • German military Chief of Staff
  • Dictator of the Soviet Union (correct)
  • Leader of the rebel forces in Spain

What type of government is described as totalitarian?

A style of government where power is held by a few or one.

Who was Benito Mussolini?

Fascist leader of Italy.

What is fascism?

<p>A political system emphasizing nationalism and state interests over individual rights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the Black Shirts?

<p>Mussolini's supporters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Adolf Hitler?

<p>Elected leader of the Nazi Party.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Nazism?

<p>The German brand of fascism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Francisco Franco?

<p>Leader of the rebel forces in Spain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Spanish Civil War?

<p>A conflict supported by Italy and Germany.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the Neutrality Acts?

<p>Congress' actions to keep the US out of war in Europe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Neville Chamberlain?

<p>British Prime Minister who favored appeasement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Winston Churchill?

<p>Political rival to Chamberlain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does appeasement mean?

<p>Giving in to the demands of an aggressor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Munich Agreement/Pact?

<p>Abandonment of the Sudetenland by Great Britain and France.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Nonaggression Pact?

<p>An agreement signed between Hitler and Stalin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Blitzkrieg?

<p>German for 'lightning war'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Luftwaffe?

<p>German for 'air weapon'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Charles de Gaulle?

<p>Leader of the French government in exile.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Battle of Britain?

<p>Months-long campaign by Germany to bomb Britain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Holocaust refer to?

<p>'The Burning'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Diaspora mean?

<p>The scattering of the Jewish people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Pogrom?

<p>State-sponsored anti-Semitism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Scapegoat?

<p>A person or group blamed for the misfortune of another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the Nuremberg Laws?

<p>Laws segregating Jews from German society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Kristallnacht?

<p>'Night of Broken Glass'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Ghetto?

<p>A place with a high concentration of people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Concentration Camp?

<p>Prison/slave labor camps during WWII.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was The Final Solution?

<p>Germany's plan to execute all Jews.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the Axis Powers?

<p>Germany, Italy, and Japan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Cash and Carry?

<p>A US policy allowing nations to buy goods as long as they paid cash.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Lend-Lease Act?

<p>An act to aid Great Britain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Atlantic Charter?

<p>A secret agreement between Churchill and FDR.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who are the Allies?

<p>All nations fighting the Axis Powers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Hideki Tojo?

<p>Japan's military Chief of Staff.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happened on December 7, 1941?

<p>Pearl Harbor was attacked.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is significant about September 1, 1939?

<p>The official start of WWII.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Joseph Stalin

A dictator of the Soviet Union who eliminated opposition and industrialized the nation.

Totalitarian Regime

A government that centralizes power, suppresses dissent, and denies individual rights.

Benito Mussolini

Fascist leader of Italy who capitalized on post-WWI discontent.

Adolf Hitler

Leader of the Nazi Party in Germany; anti-communist dictator.

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Francisco Franco

Leader of rebel forces during the Spanish Civil War, backed by Italy and Germany.

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Fascism

An ideology emphasizing nationalism and the state's interests over individual rights.

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Nazism

The German interpretation of fascism, with extreme nationalist and racist policies.

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Spanish Civil War

Served as a testing ground for Nazi tactics and weaponry.

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Munich Agreement

Allowed Germany to annex the Sudetenland as a policy of appeasement.

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Nonaggression Pact

A temporary truce between Hitler and Stalin before WWII.

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Blitzkrieg

"Lightning war;" rapid aerial and armored strikes.

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Luftwaffe

The German air force, integral to Blitzkrieg tactics.

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Battle of Britain

Aerial campaign where Germany failed to subdue Britain, halting invasion.

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The Holocaust

"The Burning"; the persecution and murder of Jewish people during WWII.

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Pogroms

State-sanctioned violence against Jews.

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Kristallnacht

A notorious attack on Jewish properties and lives in 1938.

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Nuremberg Laws

Institutionalized racial discrimination and segregation against Jews in Germany.

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Neutrality Acts

Laws aimed to keep the U.S. out of European conflicts.

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Cash and Carry Policy

Allowed nations to purchase goods from the U.S. with cash and their own transport.

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Lend-Lease Act

Enabled the U.S. to provide supplies to Britain in exchange for military bases.

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Atlantic Charter

Agreement between Churchill and FDR for collective security and outlining war aims.

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Axis Powers

Germany, Italy, and Japan.

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Allies (WWII)

Included over 26 nations opposing the Axis Powers by 1941.

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December 7, 1941

The date of the attack on Pearl Harbor.

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September 1, 1939

Marks the start of WWII with Germany invading Poland.

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Stalin

Dictator of the Soviet Union known for eliminating opposition.

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Nazism

A political ideology or movement that exalts nation and race above the individual, led by dictatorial power.

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Appeasement

Policy of giving concessions to an aggressor to avoid war.

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Blitzkrieg

Act of war where Germany used rapid aerial and armored attacks to subdue its opponents rapidly.

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Atlantic Charter

An agreement between U.S. President FDR and British Prime Minister Churchill, outlining post-war goals.

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Study Notes

Totalitarian Regimes

  • Joseph Stalin was a dictator of the Soviet Union, known for ruthlessly eliminating opposition and attempting to industrialize the nation.
  • Totalitarian governments centralize power, often denying individual rights and suppressing dissent.

Key Figures of Fascism

  • Benito Mussolini, the fascist leader of Italy, capitalized on public discontent post-Treaty of Versailles, using force to maintain control.
  • Adolf Hitler, elected leader of the Nazi Party in Germany, was a staunch anti-communist dictator who violated the Treaty of Versailles and suppressed opposition.
  • Francisco Franco led rebel forces during the Spanish Civil War, receiving support from Italy and Germany.

Ideologies and Movements

  • Fascism emphasizes nationalism and the state's interests over individuals, leading to significant suppression of personal freedoms.
  • Nazism represents the German interpretation of fascism, marked by extreme nationalist and racist policies.

Significant Events

  • The Spanish Civil War served as a testing ground for Nazi tactics and weaponry, with Italy and Germany backing Franco.
  • The Munich Agreement allowed Germany to annex the Sudetenland, demonstrating the policy of appeasement favored by leaders like British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain.

Pre-WWII Agreements and Tensions

  • The Nonaggression Pact between Hitler and Stalin, signed shortly before WWII, was a temporary truce with deep mutual distrust.
  • Blitzkrieg, or "lightning war," focused on rapid aerial and armored strikes to quickly subdue opponents.

Military Campaigns and Luftwaffe

  • The Luftwaffe is the German air force, critical in executing Blitzkrieg strategies.
  • The Battle of Britain marked a significant aerial campaign, where Germany's bombing efforts ultimately failed to subdue Britain, leading to a halted invasion.

Holocaust and Anti-Semitism

  • The Holocaust, meaning "The Burning," encapsulated the tragic fate of the Jewish population during WWII.
  • Pogroms represent state-sanctioned violence against Jews; Kristallnacht was a notorious attack on Jewish properties and lives in 1938.
  • The Nuremberg Laws institutionalized racial discrimination, segregating Jews from German society and enforcing oppressive measures.

War Policies and U.S. Involvement

  • Neutrality Acts aimed to keep the U.S. out of European conflicts by prohibiting aid to warring nations.
  • The Cash and Carry policy allowed nations to purchase goods from the U.S. while circumventing Neutrality Acts.
  • The Lend-Lease Act enabled the U.S. to provide essential supplies to Britain in exchange for military bases, facilitating support against the Axis Powers.

Formal Engagements and Alliances

  • The Atlantic Charter was a secret agreement between Churchill and FDR that advocated for collective security and outlined war aims.
  • The Axis Powers consisted of Germany, Italy, and Japan, opposing the Allies, which included over 26 nations by 1941.

Key Historical Dates

  • December 7, 1941, marked the attack on Pearl Harbor, leading the U.S. to declare war on Japan and subsequently Germany.
  • September 1, 1939, is recognized as the official start of WWII with Germany's invasion of Poland.

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Description

Explore key concepts and figures from Chapter 24 of history. This quiz covers significant terms such as Joseph Stalin, totalitarianism, and Benito Mussolini. Test your understanding of these important historical topics.

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