History Chapter 20 Review

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Questions and Answers

What is communism?

  • A system where private ownership is encouraged
  • A form of socialism that abolishes private ownership (correct)
  • A type of government with elected officials
  • A philosophy that emphasizes individualism

Who were Sacco and Vanzetti?

Two Italian-born American laborers and anarchists who were tried, convicted, and executed on August 3, 1927, in Massachusetts for an armed robbery they are believed to have not committed.

Who was Calvin Coolidge?

The 30th President of the United States who succeeded as President after Harding died in 1923.

What was the significance of John L. Lewis?

<p>He was a long-time labor leader who organized and led the first important unskilled workers' labor union.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Warren G. Harding advocate for after World War I?

<p>A return to normalcy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Fordney-McCumber Tariff aimed to raise the rates on imported goods.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is isolationism?

<p>A policy of nonparticipation in international economic and political relations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the quota system do?

<p>Places a limit on the number of immigrants from each country.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Teapot Dome scandal?

<p>A government scandal involving the leasing of a former U.S. Navy oil reserve in Wyoming to a private oil company in 1921.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an installment plan?

<p>A payment plan that allows customers to make payments at set intervals over a period of time until the total debt is paid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Red Scare, the Sacco and Vanzetti case, and the rise of the Ku Klux Klan reflect concerns held by many Americans?

<p>The Red Scare represented the fear of communism spreading, and the controversies around Sacco and Vanzetti highlighted fears of anarchism and immigration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the immigration quota system established in 1921?

<p>To place limits on European immigration, particularly due to the increase in refugees from WWI.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Harding want to do to return America to normalcy?

<p>He wanted to end the war footing of the nation after WWI.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Summarize the Teapot Dome scandal.

<p>In 1922, Secretary of the Interior Albert B. Fall leased Navy oil reserves to private companies without competitive bidding, leading to his conviction for accepting bribes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did changes in technology in the 1920s influence American life?

<p>The 1920s were marked by a boom in consumer goods, with increased purchases of radios, toasters, alarm clocks, and other small appliances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What evidence suggests that the prosperity of the 1920s was not a firm foundation?

<p>People were spending money they didn't have, leading to a false perception of wealth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Communism

A socialist system where private ownership is abolished.

Sacco and Vanzetti

Controversial case of Italian-American anarchists executed amid the Red Scare.

Calvin Coolidge

30th U.S. President known for his quiet demeanor and pro-business policies.

John L. Lewis

Influential labor leader and founder of a major unskilled labor union.

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Warren G. Harding

U.S. President who advocated a return to pre-war 'normalcy'.

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Fordney-McCumber Tariff

Increased tariffs on imports to protect domestic manufacturing.

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Isolationism

A policy of non-involvement in international affairs.

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Quota System

Legislation limiting immigration from specific countries.

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Teapot Dome Scandal

Scandal involving illegal leasing of naval oil reserves to private companies.

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Installment Plan

Paying for goods over time through fixed payments.

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Red Scare

Period of widespread fear of communism in the U.S.

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Immigration Quota System (1921)

Restricted immigration, especially from Europe, after WWI.

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Harding's Normalcy

Harding's promise to return to pre-war conditions of stability and prosperity.

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Teapot Dome Scandal Overview

Secretary Fall leased federal oil for personal gain.

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Technological Changes in the 1920s

Increased consumerism driven by new technologies and products.

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Flawed Prosperity

Economic expansion built on credit and masked underlying instability.

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Study Notes

Key Terms and Definitions

  • Communism: A socialist system that eliminates private ownership.
  • Sacco and Vanzetti: Italian-American laborers and anarchists executed in 1927 despite potential innocence regarding an armed robbery.
  • Calvin Coolidge: Served as the 30th President of the U.S. (1923-1933) after assuming office from Harding.
  • John L. Lewis: Influential labor leader who founded the first significant unskilled labor union; pivotal during sit-down strikes.
  • Warren G. Harding: U.S. President advocating a return to pre-war normalcy post-WWI.
  • Fordney-McCumber Tariff: Increased tariffs on imports to boost domestic manufacturing, but negatively impacted foreign trade and debt repayments.
  • Isolationism: Policy emphasizing non-involvement in international political and economic affairs.
  • Quota System: Legislation limiting the number of immigrants from specific countries.
  • Teapot Dome Scandal: A scandal involving secret leasing of U.S. Navy oil reserves to private companies in 1921, leading to bribery charges.
  • Installment Plan: A financial arrangement that allows customers to pay over time through scheduled payments.

Social and Political Context

  • Red Scare: A period marked by fear of communism that led to national anxiety and increased radicalism, evident in cases like Sacco and Vanzetti.
  • Immigration Quota System (1921): Aimed to restrict immigration, particularly from Europe, in response to increased numbers during WWI.
  • Harding's Normalcy: A political strategy to stabilize the nation post-WWI; described as a regrettable misnomer, advocating for a return to pre-war conditions.

Scandals and Economic Factors

  • Teapot Dome Scandal Overview: Involved Secretary of the Interior Albert B. Fall leasing federal oil reserves illegally; resulted in his conviction and imprisonment.
  • Technological Changes in the 1920s: Rapid development and consumerism marked the decade, with increased purchases of radios, small appliances, and other household items.
  • Flawed Prosperity: Economic boom characterized by spending beyond means; reliance on credit masked the underlying economic instability of the decade.

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