History Chapter 16 Study Guide

Questions and Answers

Who was Winston Churchill?

British Prime Minister

What was the Maginot Line?

Line of defense built by France to protect against German invasion.

What was the Atlantic Charter?

Pledge not to acquire new territory as a result of WWII.

Who was Charles de Gaulle?

French general and statesman during World War II. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Erwin Rommel?

German and Italian army general known as the 'Desert Fox'. Signup and view all the answers

What happened at Dunkirk?

Evacuation of Allied troops from beaches under enemy fire in 1940. Signup and view all the answers

What is Blitzkrieg?

Lighting war; fast-moving warfare used by German forces. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Battle of Britain?

Aerial battle between the German Luftwaffe and British Royal Air Force in 1940. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Non-Aggression Pact?

Pact signed by Germany and the Soviet Union promising not to attack each other. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Luftwaffe?

German Air Force Signup and view all the answers

What is Island Hopping?

Military strategy of selectively attacking specific enemy-held islands. Signup and view all the answers

What happened at Pearl Harbor?

Surprise attack by the Japanese on December 7, 1941. Signup and view all the answers

What was Guadalcanal?

First U.S. land victory over the Japanese in 1943. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Bataan Death March?

Forced march of prisoners of war under brutal conditions by the Japanese military. Signup and view all the answers

What are Ghettos?

Sections of towns where Jews were forced to live. Signup and view all the answers

Who were the Nazis?

Government led by Adolf Hitler based on totalitarian ideas. Signup and view all the answers

What was Kristallnacht?

Night of the Broken Glass on November 9, 1938. Signup and view all the answers

What symbolizes Judaism?

Star of David Signup and view all the answers

What was Auschwitz?

Nazi extermination camp in Poland. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Holocaust?

Mass slaughter of Jews and other civilians by the Nazi government. Signup and view all the answers

What were the Nuremberg Laws?

Laws defining the status of Jews in 1935. Signup and view all the answers

What are refugees?

People forced to leave their home. Signup and view all the answers

What is demilitarization?

The removal of armed forces from an area. Signup and view all the answers

What is democratization?

Process of creating a government elected by the people. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Diet in Japan?

Japanese parliament Signup and view all the answers

What was the London Blitz?

Sustained bombing of Britain by Nazi Germany. Signup and view all the answers

What were the Nuremberg Trials?

Court proceedings held to try Nazi leaders for war crimes. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Dwight D. Eisenhower?

American General who led Allied forces in Europe. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Key Figures and Concepts

Winston Churchill: British Prime Minister during WWII known for his leadership and speeches that rallied the British people.
Maginot Line: Defensive fortifications constructed by France along its eastern border to deter German attacks; extended from Belgium to Switzerland.
Atlantic Charter: 1941 agreement between FDR and Churchill outlining mutual goals for post-war peace and territorial integrity.
Charles de Gaulle: Leader of the Free French forces during WWII; symbolized French resistance against Nazi occupation.
Erwin Rommel ("Desert Fox"): German commander who led North African campaigns; known for tactics and later for attempts to assassinate Hitler.

Major Events and Strategies

Dunkirk (1940): Site of the evacuation of 330,000 Allied troops from the beaches under enemy fire, exemplifying desperation and valor.
Blitzkrieg: "Lightning war" strategy emphasizing fast-moving, coordinated attacks by German forces, effectively used in Poland.
Battle of Britain: Aerial conflict in 1940 where British Royal Air Force successfully defended against German Luftwaffe bombings.
Non-Aggression Pact: Agreement between Germany and the Soviet Union to refrain from military action against each other, including territorial concessions to Stalin.

Key Terms and Locations

Luftwaffe: German Air Force that played a significant role in WWII air campaigns.
Island Hopping: U.S. military strategy of capturing specific islands while bypassing others to progressively move towards Japan.
Pearl Harbor: Site of the surprise Japanese attack on December 7, 1941, leading to U.S. entry into WWII; significant loss of ships and lives occurred.
Guadalcanal: The first major successful U.S. land offensive against Japan in 1943.

Human Rights Violations

Bataan Death March: Forced march of Filipino and American POWs by the Japanese army under harsh conditions.
Ghettos: Designated urban areas where Jews were confined during the Holocaust, leading to inhumane living conditions.
Nazis: Fascist political party led by Adolf Hitler, known for implementing totalitarian policies and aggressive expansionism.
Kristallnacht (1938): Coordinated attacks against Jews in Germany marked by destruction of property and widespread terror.

Holocaust and Aftermath

Auschwitz: The largest Nazi extermination camp where approximately a million individuals, mainly Jews, were murdered.
Holocaust: Systematic mass genocide of Jews and other groups by the Nazi regime prior to and during WWII.
Nuremberg Laws (1935): Legislation that stripped Jews of citizenship and established racial discrimination in Germany.
Nuremberg Trials: Post-WWII trials where Nazi leaders were held accountable for war crimes, establishing precedents for international law.

Refugees: Individuals fleeing their home countries due to persecution or violence without official relocation.
Demilitarization: The removal or prohibition of military forces in a particular region or country post-conflict.
Democratization: The transition to a government elected by the people, often following periods of authoritarian rule.
Diet: The Japanese parliamentary body responsible for legislative decisions.

Warfare and Tactics

London Blitz: Period of sustained bombing raids on Britain by Nazi Germany from September 1940 to May 1941, leading to significant civilian hardship.
Dwight D. Eisenhower: American General in charge of Allied forces in North Africa, later became the Supreme Commander in Europe.

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This quiz provides flashcards for key terms and concepts in Chapter 16 of your history class. It covers significant figures and events related to World War II, including Winston Churchill, the Maginot Line, and the Atlantic Charter. Use these flashcards to test your knowledge and prepare for upcoming exams.