Questions and Answers
Who is in charge of wartime reconstruction?
Both the president and congress
What was Lincoln's 10% plan?
What did slaves do after being freed?
Many ex-slaves equated land with freedom and had to return to the plantations.
What was the Freedmen's Bureau responsible for?
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What was the significance of the Black Codes?
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Congress enacted and overridden a veto for the first time in history.
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What reforms did the Congressional Radical Reconstruction introduce?
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What does the Tenure of Office Act require?
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What happened to Johnson after his impeachment?
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What was sharecropping?
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What did the Redeemers aim to achieve?
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Who founded the KKK?
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The 15th amendment angered women.
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What was the main outcome of the Reconstruction debate?
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Study Notes
Wartime Reconstruction Leadership
- Both the president and Congress hold authority over the wartime reconstruction efforts.
Lincoln's 10% Plan
- Proposed that the South never truly left the Union, maintaining presidential control.
- Aimed to restore the Union with no penalties for the Confederates and minimal guarantees for ex-slaves; required only an oath of loyalty from 10% of white voters.
Wade-Davis Plan
- Required 50% of white males in a state to take an oath for readmission to the Union.
- Excluded Confederates from political participation.
- Guaranteed equal rights for freed slaves.
Post-Emancipation Actions of Freed Slaves
- Many ex-slaves associated land ownership with freedom; Radical Republicans supported this idea but challenged property rights.
- A significant number were compelled to return to plantation work.
Freedmen's Bureau
- Established to distribute confiscated lands, resettle ex-slaves, and provide education, legal assistance, and job opportunities.
- Its success led to increased hostility among Southern whites.
Presidential Reconstruction under Andrew Johnson
- Johnson faced a lack of political support after Lincoln's assassination and attempted to return land to white Southerners to gain favor.
- Resulted in Southern states forming their own governments.
Black Codes
- Southern states enacted Black Codes to restrict ex-slaves’ rights, denying them the ability to serve on juries or testify against whites.
Congressional Override of Presidential Veto
- Marked the first instance in U.S. history of Congress enacting measures against a president's veto regarding reconstruction efforts.
Congressional Radical Reconstruction
- Introduced the 14th Amendment, establishing citizenship and equal protection under the law.
- The Reconstruction Act divided the South into five military districts and allowed black voting while approving the 14th Amendment.
Tenure of Office Act
- Required Senate approval for the removal of officials, a critical factor in Andrew Johnson’s impeachment.
Post-Impeachment Scenario
- Johnson survived impeachment but lost much of his political influence.
Reconstruction Debate Outcomes
- Empowered black rights, leading to the election of two black senators and the 15th Amendment granting black male suffrage.
Scalawags
- Southern individuals who supported the new constitution and aligned politically with the Republicans for cultural integration and future opportunity.
Redeemers
- White Southern Democrats aiming to restore pre-war power dynamics, viewed as “redeeming” the South from perceived Northern domination.
Carpetbaggers
- Northerners who migrated to the South to exploit its weakened economy, often seen as opportunists.
Republican Control in Reconstruction
- Republicans pushed for investments in infrastructure, hospitals, and education, promoting civil rights and economic recovery in the South.
- Overall, reconstruction efforts had seen positive developments.
Formation of the KKK
- Emerged as a reaction to the increased black presence and Republican policies, characterized by violent opposition from angry white men.
- Democrats often supported KKK activities, aiming to restore white supremacy.
Founder of the KKK
- Nathan Bedford Forrest recognized as the initial figurehead of the Ku Klux Klan.
15th Amendment and Women's Rights
- Sparked resentment among women’s suffrage advocates who felt sidelined; fueled the evolution of the women’s rights movement seeking voting rights.
Sharecropping System
- Families worked land for a portion of crops instead of wages, perpetuating a cycle resembling slavery due to lack of financial independence.
Decline of Reconstruction Efforts
- President Grant favored southern investment rather than strict government oversight, leading to skepticism among Northern Republicans about the effectiveness of reconstruction.
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Description
Explore the critical questions surrounding the reconstruction era in this quiz. Delve into the roles of key figures, plans like Lincoln's 10% plan, and the various perspectives on whether reconstruction was a success or a failure. Test your knowledge with flashcards designed to enhance your understanding of this pivotal time in American history.
