History and Types of Charts

History of Charts

• The earliest known use of bar charts dates back to the 14th century, created by Nicole Oresme, a Frenchman.
• William Playfair is commonly credited with inventing bar charts around 1780.

Introduction

• Charts simplify information and are used in various contexts, including newspapers, magazines, classrooms, labs, and professional settings.

Column Chart

• Displays data changes over time or comparisons between items.
• Sales By Company chart illustrates how companies perform in sales:
  • Apex Polymers, Creations Ltd, Pace Ltd, and Sanya & Co are plotted on the x-axis.
  • Corresponding sales figures in thousands are plotted on the y-axis, with intervals of 10,000 units.

Stacked Column Chart

• Shows the relationship of individual items to the whole
• The Sales By Company stacked column chart:
  • Displays sales figures in thousands for different companies.
  • Companies are plotted on the x-axis (Apex Polymers, Creations Ltd, Pace Ltd, Sanya & Co).
  • Sales figures are on the y-axis in intervals of 10,000.
  • Different colors represent different sales components within each company.

Charts in MS-Excel

• The document focuses on column charts and their ability to visually represent data.
• MS Excel supports various chart types for different data visualization purposes.
• Charts visually represent data from worksheets.
• Charts provide a way to analyze and evaluate data.

Area Chart

• Emphasizes the magnitude of change over time.
• The Sales By Company area chart:
  • Displays sales data for companies (Apex Polymers, Creations Ltd, Pace Ltd, and Sanya & Co) over time (Year 1, Year 2, and Year 3).
  • Different colors represent distinct product lines or categories within each company's sales.
  • The area chart is effective for showing how totals change over time.

Line Chart

• Displays trends in data at equal intervals, showing changes in a value over time.
• Sales by Company: The line chart:
  • Displays sales data for Apex Polymers, Creations Ltd, Pace Ltd, and Sanya & Co over three years (Year 1, Year 2, Year 3).
  • Approximate sales values are provided for each company and year.

Stacked Bar Chart

• Displays the relationship of individual items to the whole.
• The Sales by Company stacked bar chart:
  • Displays sales figures for different companies over three years (Year 1, Year 2, and Year 3).

Bar Chart

• Used to illustrate comparisons among individual items.
• Sales By Company: The bar chart:
  • Displays sales figures for different companies (Sanya & Co, Pace Ltd, Creations Ltd, Apex Polymers) across three years (Year 1, Year 2, Year 3).
  • The horizontal axis represents sales figures, and the vertical axis represents the companies.

3-D Column Chart

• Shows sales figures for different companies over three years (Year 1, Year 2, Year 3).
• The height of the bars corresponds to the amount of sales.
• Different colored sections within each bar represent the sales per year.
• The chart is visual and demonstrates a comparison of sales figures among different companies over three years.

Pie Chart

• Shows proportional size of items within a data series.
• Emphasizes the relative size of each item, especially useful for highlighting a particular element.
• Displays only one data series.

Doughnut Chart

• Similar to a pie chart, displaying the relationship between data series.
• Can accommodate multiple data series, with each ring representing a different series.
• Each ring in a doughnut chart displays the proportional relationship of its corresponding data series.

Stock Chart

• A high-low-close chart, visually displaying the high, low, and closing values of a stock's price over a period of time.

Sales By Company

• The table displays sales figures in thousands of currency units for different companies, along with percentages.
• Sanya & Co has 12% of the sales, Pace Ltd has 24%, Poly Creators has 29%, and Apex Polymers has 35%.