History and Types of Charts

History of Charts

• The earliest known use of bar charts dates back to the 14th century, created by Nicole Oresme, a Frenchman.
• William Playfair is commonly credited with inventing bar charts around 1780.

Introduction

• Charts simplify information and are used in various contexts, including newspapers, magazines, classrooms, labs, and professional settings.

Column Chart

• Displays data changes over time or comparisons between items.
• Sales By Company chart illustrates how companies perform in sales:
  • Apex Polymers, Creations Ltd, Pace Ltd, and Sanya & Co are plotted on the x-axis.
  • Corresponding sales figures in thousands are plotted on the y-axis, with intervals of 10,000 units.

Stacked Column Chart

• Shows the relationship of individual items to the whole
• The Sales By Company stacked column chart:
  • Displays sales figures in thousands for different companies.
  • Companies are plotted on the x-axis (Apex Polymers, Creations Ltd, Pace Ltd, Sanya & Co).
  • Sales figures are on the y-axis in intervals of 10,000.
  • Different colors represent different sales components within each company.

Charts in MS-Excel

• The document focuses on column charts and their ability to visually represent data.
• MS Excel supports various chart types for different data visualization purposes.
• Charts visually represent data from worksheets.
• Charts provide a way to analyze and evaluate data.

Area Chart

• Emphasizes the magnitude of change over time.
• The Sales By Company area chart:
  • Displays sales data for companies (Apex Polymers, Creations Ltd, Pace Ltd, and Sanya & Co) over time (Year 1, Year 2, and Year 3).
  • Different colors represent distinct product lines or categories within each company's sales.
  • The area chart is effective for showing how totals change over time.

Line Chart

• Displays trends in data at equal intervals, showing changes in a value over time.
• Sales by Company: The line chart:
  • Displays sales data for Apex Polymers, Creations Ltd, Pace Ltd, and Sanya & Co over three years (Year 1, Year 2, Year 3).
  • Approximate sales values are provided for each company and year.

Stacked Bar Chart

• Displays the relationship of individual items to the whole.
• The Sales by Company stacked bar chart:
  • Displays sales figures for different companies over three years (Year 1, Year 2, and Year 3).

Bar Chart

• Used to illustrate comparisons among individual items.
• Sales By Company: The bar chart:
  • Displays sales figures for different companies (Sanya & Co, Pace Ltd, Creations Ltd, Apex Polymers) across three years (Year 1, Year 2, Year 3).
  • The horizontal axis represents sales figures, and the vertical axis represents the companies.

3-D Column Chart

• Shows sales figures for different companies over three years (Year 1, Year 2, Year 3).
• The height of the bars corresponds to the amount of sales.
• Different colored sections within each bar represent the sales per year.
• The chart is visual and demonstrates a comparison of sales figures among different companies over three years.

Pie Chart

• Shows proportional size of items within a data series.
• Emphasizes the relative size of each item, especially useful for highlighting a particular element.
• Displays only one data series.

Doughnut Chart

• Similar to a pie chart, displaying the relationship between data series.
• Can accommodate multiple data series, with each ring representing a different series.
• Each ring in a doughnut chart displays the proportional relationship of its corresponding data series.

Stock Chart

• A high-low-close chart, visually displaying the high, low, and closing values of a stock's price over a period of time.

Sales By Company

• The table displays sales figures in thousands of currency units for different companies, along with percentages.
• Sanya & Co has 12% of the sales, Pace Ltd has 24%, Poly Creators has 29%, and Apex Polymers has 35%.

Explore the evolution and types of charts including bar, column, and stacked column charts. Learn how these tools help simplify information in various contexts such as sales data visualization and analysis. Understand the contributions of key figures like Nicole Oresme and William Playfair in the history of charting.