History and Sources of Knowledge

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Questions and Answers

What does the term 'Geschichte' mean in German?

A systematic account

A written history

That which has happened (correct)

An oral tradition

Which of the following best describes primary sources?

They are firsthand accounts or evidence from the time being studied. (correct)

They are secondary analyses of primary data.

They include artifacts and oral histories.

They are interpretations of historical events.

What is the role of external criticism in historical research?

To create a narrative from primary sources.

To determine the authenticity of a source. (correct)

To analyze the credibility of the author's perspective.

To establish the interpretation of the sources.

Who was Dr. Robert Fox?

An American archaeologist and anthropologist. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three castes according to 'Custom of Tagalog'?

Nobles, Commoners, and Slaves Signup and view all the answers

What does 'verisimilar' refer to in historical methodology?

The degree of similarity to what actually happened. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the National Historical Commission of the Philippines?

To preserve and promote the country's history. Signup and view all the answers

What are dowries in the context of the Custom of Tagalog?

Payments made by men to the women’s parents. Signup and view all the answers

What was Apolinario Mabini known as during the Philippine Revolution?

Utak ng Himagsikan Signup and view all the answers

Which event marked the start of hostilities leading to the Philippine-American War?

The annihilation of the Spanish fleet in May 1898 Signup and view all the answers

What significant role did Mabini fulfill in the First Philippine Republic?

Foreign minister and prime minister Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT a character mentioned in the context provided?

Mangalipay Signup and view all the answers

Who was the revolutionary leader that Mabini advised?

Emilio Aguinaldo Signup and view all the answers

What supernatural ability did the Mangagayoma possess?

To make charms for lovers Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence for a woman who died in childbirth according to the belief in Patianac?

She suffered punishment and lamented at night Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the MANCocolam?

A fire that cannot be extinguished Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Understanding History

History is seen as a systematic account of natural phenomena, according to Aristotle.
"Geschichte" is the German term for history, meaning "that which has happened."

Types of Historical Sources

Written Sources: Includes published materials.
Manuscript Sources: Archival materials and memoirs.
Non-Written Sources: Encompasses oral history and artifacts.

Classification by Origin

Primary Sources: Firsthand accounts from eyewitnesses.
Secondary Sources: Analyze and interpret primary sources.

Archaeological Findings

Tabon Man: Skullcap dated back to 14,500 BC and three jaw bones to 29,000 BC found in Palawan's west coast.

Notable Historians

Dr. Robert Fox: American archaeologist and historian focused on pre-Hispanic Philippines.
William Henry Scott (1921-1993): Historian of the Gran Cordillera Central and pre-Hispanic Philippines.

Historical Methods

Verification of sources is crucial for historians.
Historical Criticism: Analyzes form and content of sources.
External Criticism: Assesses authenticity, identifying hoaxes and forgeries through tests of date, authorship, and semantics.
Internal Criticism: Evaluates credibility based on the author's character and corroboration of facts.

Archival Institutions and Resources

National Archives of the Philippines: Preserves primary sources.
National Historical Commission of the Philippines: Focuses on culture and development agendas.
National Museum of the Philippines: Houses various primary source repositories.
PARES: Spanish documentary archive established by the Ministry of Education in 2007.

Cultural Practices among Tagalogs

Datos: Chief and head of Barangay; family structure includes relations and slaves.
Three Castes:
- Nobles (Maharlica): Freeborn individuals.
- Commoners (Aliping Namamahay): Semi-free individuals.
- Slaves (Aliping Saguiguilid): Bonded individuals.

Folklore and Mythical Figures

Various supernatural entities and practices such as CATOLONAN (poetic priests), MANGAGAUAY (deceitful healers), and OSUANG (man-eating sorcerers).

Historical Misconceptions

Filipinos are mistakenly labeled as "mangmang" (ignorant); this challenges colonial narratives.

The Philippine Revolution (1896)

Apolinario Mabini, known as "Utak ng Himagsikan," played a pivotal role as chief advisor to Emilio Aguinaldo.
Formulated decrees for the First Philippine Republic and helped draft its constitution.
Appointed Prime Minister on January 2, 1899, but resigned on May 7, 1899.

Key Events Leading to Independence

December 30, 1896: Execution of José Rizal.
May 1898: Destruction of the Spanish fleet.
June 12, 1898: Mabini queries Aguinaldo about agreements with the US.
February 4, 1899: Outbreak of hostilities between American forces and Filipino revolutionaries.

Political Developments

Mabini's engagement with the US government prior to constitution proposals highlighted the transitional period towards Philippine independence.

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Description

Explore the foundations of historical knowledge through the lens of Aristotle and the various types of sources. From primary and secondary sources to written and non-written forms, this quiz will test your understanding of historical methodologies and important figures. Learn about significant historical artifacts like the Tabon Man and their relevance to our understanding of history.