History and Facts of Coffee
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What is the primary reason coffee is considered a stimulating beverage?

  • It is often enjoyed with sugar
  • It is served hot
  • It contains caffeine (correct)
  • It has a high sugar content

    • Coffee was first discovered by a monk named Kaldi.

    False

    Name one country where coffee was cultivated in the 15th century.

    Yemen

    Coffee houses in the Near East were known as __________.

    <p>qahveh khaneh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Coffee was initially well-received in Europe when it was introduced.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was asked to intervene concerning the controversies around coffee in Venice?

    <p>Pope Clement VIII</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does coffee have on humans?

    <p>It keeps them alert.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following historical figures with their contributions to coffee's history:

    <p>Kaldi = Discovered coffee's stimulating effects Pope Clement VIII = Intervened in coffee controversies Abbot = First made a drink from coffee berries Coffee houses = Social hubs in the Near East</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What beverage gained popularity in the New World due to the Boston Tea Party?

    <p>Coffee</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Arabica coffee beans make up approximately 50% of the world's coffee production.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does Arabica coffee originate?

    <p>Ethiopia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Robusta coffee has almost _____ the amount of caffeine compared to Arabica.

    <p>double</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following coffee varietals with their characteristics:

    <p>Arabica = Floral, fruity, and has a higher price point Robusta = Sharper flavor and double the caffeine Liberica = Strong, unique flavor that some love or hate Excelsa = Sweet, fruity, and tart but strong and dark</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which coffee variety is known for having a burnt or woody aftertaste?

    <p>Robusta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it take for newly planted coffee bushes to bear fruit?

    <p>3-4 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Excelsa coffee beans are larger and more oval-shaped compared to Liberica beans.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is commonly used in regions where water is scarce?

    <p>Dry method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which Filipino regions is Arabica coffee grown?

    <p>Benguet, Kalinga, Cotabato, Davao, Sagada</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cherries undergo processing methods to prevent ____ after harvesting.

    <p>spoilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between selective picking and strip picking?

    <p>Selective picking involves picking only ripe cherries, whereas strip picking removes all cherries from the branch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cherries ripen faster at higher altitudes and lower temperatures.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the coffee processing method with its description:

    <p>Dry method = Uses sunlight to dry cherries for 15-20 days Wet method = Involves water for cleaning and processing cherries Selective picking = Only ripe cherries are harvested Strip picking = Cherries are stripped from the branch completely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hand-picking cherries is a simple and quick method of coffee harvesting.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the smell or fragrance of freshly brewed hot coffee?

    <p>Aroma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The fresh cherries in the dry method are spread out on a large surface and left to dry in the ____.

    <p>sun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Astringent coffee is characterized by a rich and complex flavour.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of dark roasts in terms of flavor?

    <p>Bitter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term 'bright' refers to coffee that has a dull and lifeless taste.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Coffees labeled as ___ often have a sweet, syrup-like flavor similar to caramelized sugar.

    <p>Caramelised</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following coffee tasting terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Earthy = Herbal and musty flavors characteristic of certain varieties Dead = Lacking a distinctive bouquet Cocoa = Taste similar to rich chocolate Butter = Rich and oily in flavor and texture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe a salty taste caused by excessive heat after brewing?

    <p>Briny</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a coffee with harmonious and delicate flavors?

    <p>Mild</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What flavor quality do Latin American coffees generally have?

    <p>Clean and acidic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by the term 'body' in coffee tasting?

    <p>The physical sensation coffee gives in the mouth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A coffee described as _______ has a sharp, acrid, chemical-like flavor defect.

    <p>Hard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term 'fruity' applies to the natural aroma of berries.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for the defect that gives coffee a spoiled-fruit quality during the drying process?

    <p>Ferment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the coffee flavors/defects to their descriptions:

    <p>Mellow = Well-balanced coffee of low to medium acidity Grassy = Fragrance and taste defect similar to alfalfa Lifeless = Lacking in acidity due to under brewing Hidey = Tasting of leather or animal hide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The flavor defect known as 'grassiness' can occur due to premature harvesting or under roasting.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Coffees with _______ taste are described as tasting of leather or animal hide.

    <p>Hidey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    What is Coffee?

    • Coffee is a beverage made from roasted coffee beans.
    • It is known for its dark color, bitterness, slight acidity, and stimulating effect due to its caffeine content.
    • Coffee holds the top spot in the global market for hot beverages.

    The History of Coffee

    • Coffee's origins can be traced back to the ancient coffee forests on the Ethiopian plateau.
    • Legend states that a goat herder named Kaldi discovered coffee beans.
    • Kaldi noticed his goats became excessively energetic after eating the berries from a certain tree, leading him to believe they had special properties.
    • He shared his findings with a local monastery abbot, who then created a beverage with the berries, finding it helped him stay alert during late-night prayers.
    • The monks shared the discovery, spreading the word about these energizing berries.
    • Coffee reached the Arabian Peninsula where it began its global journey.

    The Arabica Coffee

    • Arabica coffee beans are the most prized variety, originating from the Ethiopian highlands.
    • These beans account for approximately 80% of the world's coffee production.
    • Arabica coffee is renowned for its complex flavor profile, offering notes of floral scents, fruits, citrus, earthiness, buttery textures, chocolate, caramel, honey, or sugar depending on its origin.
    • In the Philippines, Arabica is cultivated in regions such as Benguet, Kalinga, Cotabato, Davao, and Sagada.
    • Recognized varietals include bourbon, catura, catuai, and typica.

    Robusta Coffee

    • Robusta coffee beans originated in sub-Saharan Africa and are grown in lowland areas of the Philippines, including Cavite, Bulacan, and Mindoro.
    • Robusta coffee has almost twice the caffeine content compared to Arabica, resulting in a more intense flavor and a smoky or woody aftertaste.
    • Despite its bolder taste, Robusta coffee is rich in antioxidants and has lower acidity levels compared to other varieties.

    Liberica Coffee

    • Liberica, also known as Liberian coffee, is a distinct coffee species native to western and central Africa.
    • It boasts a strong, unique flavor, often described as either loved or hated.
    • Liberica enthusiasts appreciate its smokey and chocolatey notes, along with floral and fruity undertones.

    Excelsa Coffee

    • Excelsa coffee is a close relative of Liberica, sharing similar growth patterns.
    • Excelsa beans are smaller and rounder than Liberica, sometimes exhibiting a teardrop shape.
    • Excelsa coffee offers a sweet, fruity, and tart character, while maintaining a strong and dark profile.

    Methods of Coffee Production - Harvesting

    • Coffee bushes typically take 3-4 years to start bearing fruit.
    • The fruit, referred to as cherries, undergo a color transformation from green to bright or dark red as they ripen.
    • Ripe cherries turn red at a faster rate in low-altitude, high-temperature environments.
    • Coffee harvesting can be done manually by hand-picking selectively ripe cherries. This is labor-intensive but ensures only the best-quality cherries are chosen.

    Methods of Coffee Production - Strip Picking

    • In this method, all cherries are stripped off the branch, either by hand or machine, regardless of ripeness.

    Methods of Coffee Production - Selective Picking

    • Only red, ripe cherries are picked, leaving green cherries to ripen further.
    • This method is labor-intensive and is commonly used for harvesting high-quality Arabica coffee.

    Methods of Coffee Production - Cherry Processing

    • Once harvested, cherries must be processed immediately to prevent spoilage.
    • Two main methods are used depending on resources and location.
    • The dry method, also known as 'unwashed' or 'natural' processing, is used in regions with limited water and is often preferred by small-scale farmers.
    • The wet method, a newer process, utilizes water to separate coffee beans from the cherry.

    The Dry Method

    • This ancient method relies on sun-drying coffee cherries for 15-20 days.
    • Cherries are spread out on raised drying beds to ensure air circulation.
    • The dry method is characteristic of African regions with abundant sunlight.

    The Wet Method

    • The wet method involves cleaning cherries, removing unripe or overripe ones, and passing them through a pulping machine.
    • This process extracts the skin from the cherries without damaging the beans.
    • The wet method is also known as "washed" processing.

    Vocabulary of Tasting Terms

    • Aroma: The fragrance of freshly brewed hot coffee.
    • Astringent: A bitter, salty taste that causes puckering at the front of the tongue.
    • Baked: A bland and lifeless taste, often caused by insufficient heat during roasting.
    • Bitter: A basic taste sensation felt primarily at the back of the tongue. Darker roasts are often intentionally bitter.

    Additional Tasting Terms:

    • Body: Mouthfeel, ranging from full and thick to light and thin.
    • Bouquet: The overall flavor profile, incorporating aroma, fragrance, and aftertaste.
    • Bright: Describes coffee with a pleasant and bold acidity.
    • Briny: A salty taste caused by excessive heat during brewing.
    • Burnt: A bitter, harsh flavor resulting from over-roasting.

    Additional Tasting Terms Continued:

    • Buttery: A rich, oily flavor often associated with Indonesian coffees.
    • Caramelized: A sweet, slightly burnt, syrup-like taste reminiscent of caramelized sugar.
    • Carbon: A burnt flavor, characteristic of some dark roasted coffees.
    • Chocolatey: Flavor reminiscent of rich, high-quality chocolate.
    • Cinnamon: A delicate, sweet, spicy taste similar to cinnamon.

    Additional Tasting Terms Continued:

    • Clean: Describes coffee with clear and pure flavors.
    • Cocoa: A flavor reminiscent of cocoa.
    • Dead: A lack of distinctive flavor profile, often used to describe coffee with low acidity.
    • Delicate: A subtle aspect of flavor, detected with the tip of the tongue
    • Dirty: Tasting unclean or soiled.

    Additional Tasting Terms Continued:

    • Earthy: A musty, herbal, vegetative-like flavor often associated with Indonesian coffees.
    • Exotic: Describes unusual flavors like floral and berry-like, common in East African coffees.
    • Ferment: A spoiled-fruit flavor caused by fermentation during the drying process, a defect in washed coffees.
    • Flat: When brewed coffee loses aromatic compounds, resulting in a lack of fragrance.
    • Flavor: The complete taste experience of coffee.

    Additional Tasting Terms Continued:

    • Floral: A subtle taste of flowers, more common in lighter roasts.
    • Fragrance: The smell of the brewed coffee.
    • Fruit-like: A natural berry aroma, also associated with high acidity. Distinct from "fruity".
    • Fruity: A coffee tasting of citrus or berries.
    • Grassy: A grassy or alfalfa taste, often caused by premature harvesting or under-roasting.

    Additional Tasting Terms Continued:

    • Green: Herbal, grassy flavors caused by incomplete roast development or early harvest.
    • Hard: A sharp, chemical-like taste often caused by over-drying coffee cherries.
    • Harsh: Unpleasant, harsh flavors.
    • Hidey: A taste of leather or animal hide, caused by contact with these materials during transport or storage.
    • Insipid: A bland, uninspiring flavor from stale coffee beans.

    Additional Tasting Terms Continued:

    • Lifeless: A lack of acidity caused by under-brewing.
    • Mellow: Well-balanced coffee with low to medium acidity.
    • Mild: Harmonious, delicate flavors. Also used to describe Arabica coffee grown outside of Brazil.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the fascinating history of coffee, from its origins in Ethiopia to its rise as a global beverage. Discover how coffee was first discovered and the unique characteristics of Arabica coffee. Test your knowledge about this beloved drink and its cultural significance around the world.

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