Historical Timelines: 1200-2001

• Timelines of key historical periods and events from 1200 to 2001.

1200 - 1450

• Islam spread its beliefs and ideas.
• The Islamic world received and spread various ideas.
• New empires and regional kingdoms emerged.
• Examples of new empires include the Song Dynasty and the Mali Empire.
• Decentralized regions of this time encompassed India and Europe.
• The Aztec Empire emerged as a significant power.
• The Mongol Empire rose to prominence.
• Interregional trade flourished through the Silk Road, Indian Ocean, and Mediterranean Sea.
• Interregional trade significantly impacted societies and economies.

1450 - 1750

• The first global economy emerged during this period.
• European exploration expanded across the world.
• The Columbian Exchange occurred, facilitating the transfer of goods and ideas.
• African slavery expanded, transforming societies and economies.
• Syncretism of beliefs occurred as different cultures interacted.
• New forms of coerced labor emerged.
• Examples of coerced labor include African slavery, the encomienda system, and the mit’a system.
• Gunpowder empires rose to power, utilizing new military technologies.
• Examples of gunpowder empires include the Mughal, Qing, Ottoman, and Russian empires, as well as Western European powers.

1750 - 1900

• The Enlightenment influenced political thought and led to the first wave of political revolutions.
• The Industrial Revolution transformed Western Europe and North America.
• Imperialism expanded in Asia and Africa.
• Imperialism significantly impacted regions like India, Vietnam, and the Congo.
• Reform and reaction characterized the political landscape of various nations.
• Political reform significantly impacted China, Russia, Ottoman Empire and Japan.
• Global migration occurred on a large scale due to push and pull factors.
• Migrants faced discrimination in many parts of the world.

1900 - 2001

• World Wars reshaped the global political order (including WWI, WWII, and the Cold War).
• Totalitarianism and dictatorships emerged in various countries.
• Examples of totalitarian leaders include Stalin and Hitler.
• Japan was under military government control during this period.
• Nationalism and decolonization movements gained momentum.
• Sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and South Asia experienced decolonization.
• Communist political revolutions occurred in Russia, China, and Cuba.
• Advances in science and technology had medical and environmental impacts.
• Globalization increased interconnectedness and interdependence worldwide.