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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of studying historical thinking skills?
What is the primary purpose of studying historical thinking skills?
Which time period is emphasized for tracing the development of the UAE?
Which time period is emphasized for tracing the development of the UAE?
What is one of the key skills associated with historical thinking?
What is one of the key skills associated with historical thinking?
Which category should changes in UAE society be classified into?
Which category should changes in UAE society be classified into?
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What can be inferred about the importance of history from the quote provided?
What can be inferred about the importance of history from the quote provided?
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Which method is NOT mentioned as part of historical analysis?
Which method is NOT mentioned as part of historical analysis?
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Why is it important to analyze primary and secondary sources in history?
Why is it important to analyze primary and secondary sources in history?
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What is NOT a phase of UAE history mentioned for analysis?
What is NOT a phase of UAE history mentioned for analysis?
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What was one of the major risks faced by divers during the pearling season?
What was one of the major risks faced by divers during the pearling season?
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What was the primary source of income for the UAE prior to the discovery of oil?
What was the primary source of income for the UAE prior to the discovery of oil?
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How did divers prepare themselves to collect oysters from the seabed?
How did divers prepare themselves to collect oysters from the seabed?
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What event significantly marked the decline of the pearling industry?
What event significantly marked the decline of the pearling industry?
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Which group was central to the social structure in the UAE?
Which group was central to the social structure in the UAE?
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What formal power did the ruling Sheikh exert over his people?
What formal power did the ruling Sheikh exert over his people?
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What characterized Bedouin hospitality when offering coffee to travelers?
What characterized Bedouin hospitality when offering coffee to travelers?
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What initiated British presence in the Gulf region?
What initiated British presence in the Gulf region?
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What significant event occurred in the Arabian Gulf and Indian Ocean during the 17th century?
What significant event occurred in the Arabian Gulf and Indian Ocean during the 17th century?
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What was the primary commodity that the Dutch East India Company focused on?
What was the primary commodity that the Dutch East India Company focused on?
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Which of the following states was known as the largest among the Trucial States?
Which of the following states was known as the largest among the Trucial States?
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What was the primary reason for food scarcity in the Trucial States?
What was the primary reason for food scarcity in the Trucial States?
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In what year did the Truce Agreement with the British occur, leading to the term 'Trucial Coast'?
In what year did the Truce Agreement with the British occur, leading to the term 'Trucial Coast'?
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What was a significant economic activity among the inhabitants of the Trucial States?
What was a significant economic activity among the inhabitants of the Trucial States?
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Which of the following modern cities was referenced in Dutch descriptions and maps during their voyages?
Which of the following modern cities was referenced in Dutch descriptions and maps during their voyages?
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Which group controlled the settlements on the Persian coast and nearby islands until Abu Dhabi's rise?
Which group controlled the settlements on the Persian coast and nearby islands until Abu Dhabi's rise?
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Which family led the Bani Yas federation during the 18th century?
Which family led the Bani Yas federation during the 18th century?
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What significant event occurred in 1819 that affected the Qawasim?
What significant event occurred in 1819 that affected the Qawasim?
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What year did Sheikh Shakhbut move the base of Bani Yas to Abu Dhabi?
What year did Sheikh Shakhbut move the base of Bani Yas to Abu Dhabi?
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What was the main goal of the Treaty with the British?
What was the main goal of the Treaty with the British?
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What was a significant economic sector contributing to the GDP of the UAE as of 2015?
What was a significant economic sector contributing to the GDP of the UAE as of 2015?
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Which event marked the formal independence of the UAE?
Which event marked the formal independence of the UAE?
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What was a significant outcome of the British presence in the region?
What was a significant outcome of the British presence in the region?
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Which emirate has the highest percentage of the UAE's known oil reserves?
Which emirate has the highest percentage of the UAE's known oil reserves?
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By what year was the British presence predominantly political in the Gulf?
By what year was the British presence predominantly political in the Gulf?
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What role has tourism played in the UAE's economy?
What role has tourism played in the UAE's economy?
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Which Sheikh was known as the supreme sheikh of Qawasim?
Which Sheikh was known as the supreme sheikh of Qawasim?
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What was a key factor in the UAE's stability as a country?
What was a key factor in the UAE's stability as a country?
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Study Notes
Historical Thinking
- Historians play a crucial role in reconstructing the past.
- Key skills for historical thinking include: Multiple Accounts & Perspectives, Looking at Primary Documents, Understanding Historical Context, Sourcing and Claim-Evidence Connection.
UAE History
- The UAE transitioned from a collection of Trucial States to a modern, prosperous country.
- The country's development is shaped by political, economic, social and cultural changes.
Different Kinds of History
- History is not a simple collection of facts; it involves different perspectives and interpretations.
- Primary sources offer firsthand accounts, while secondary sources provide analysis and interpretation.
The Trucial States
- The Trucial States were known as the Coast of Oman until the 1950s.
- After a Truce Agreement with the British in 1853, they became known as the “Trucial Coast” or “Trucial States.”
- Major states: RAK, Sharjah, Abu Dhabi.
- Inhabited by fishermen, pearl divers, seafarers and their families.
- Some agriculture practiced in RAK, Fujairah, and oases in Liwa and Al Ain.
Sheikdoms
- The sheikdoms permanently allied themselves with Britain through the Perpetual Maritime Truce of 1853.
- Sheikdoms included: Abu Dhabi (1820 – 1971), Ajman (1820 – 1971), Dubai (1820 – 1971), Sharjah (1820 – 1971), Umm al-Quwain (1820 – 1971), Ras al-Khaimah (1822 – 1972), Dibba (1871 – 1951), Hamriyah (1875 – 1922), Fujairah (1902 – 1971), Kalba (1903 – 1952), and Heera (1915 – 1942).
Life in the Trucial States
- Food scarcity forced imports from Basra, Iraq and Bahrain.
- Pearls were traded for necessities, primarily in India and East Africa.
- Settlements on the Persian coast and islands between the coast and Abu Dhabi were controlled by the Qawasim of RAK.
Pearling
- Pearling was a major source of income for the Trucial States.
- Diving season was from April to September, when water temperatures were warm enough for safe diving.
- Divers spent months at sea and returned only in cases of war or attack.
- The work was dangerous, and divers frequently faced risks like: eye infections, cramping, skin diseases, and even death.
- Divers ate once a day, worked every day, and were paid at the end of the season after pearls were sold.
The End of the Pearling Industry
- Factors that ended the pearling industry:
- Discovery of oil
- Japanese discovery of artificial pearls
- Onset of World War 2
Bedouin Hospitality
- Bedouin hospitality was essential for travelers passing through their territory.
- Offering coffee signified welcome and a sense of responsibility for the safety of the caravan.
British Influence
- The British presence in the Gulf began with the East India Company.
- The British played a crucial role in expelling the Portuguese from Hormuz in 1622.
- The British were involved in conflict with the French, leading to the destruction of their post and forcing them to relocate in 1759.
- The British sought new markets and faster routes to trading centers in Europe.
Tribes and Sheikdoms
- Tribes formed the basis of social organization:
- Tribal identity: Loyalty to the tribe and affiliation to a ruler.
- The ruling Sheikh had absolute power: Disputes, fines, imprisonment, treasury management, war declarations, taxes, tariffs, and treaty signing were all under their control.
Bani Yas and Qawasim
- Two key tribal federations emerged during the 18th century: Bani Yas and Qawasim.
- Bani Yas: Led by the Al Falah family and extended their authority over the Al Ain oasis after Sheikh Shakhbut moved their base to Abu Dhabi in 1793.
- Qawasim: Controlled northern emirates until the 1800s.
- Their strength was in trading and maritime power.
- Challenged the British by attacking East India Company ships, leading to the destruction of their fleet in 1819, marking a significant shift in power.
- This marked the end of the Qawasim era and increased British political influence in the region.
Treaties with the British
- The British aimed to maintain control of sea routes, impacting the livelihoods of local traders.
- Treaties helped prevent other powers from gaining influence.
The Treaty of Peace in Perpetuity, 1853
- Intended to establish peace among the Sheikhs of the northern emirates.
- Signed by Sheikh Sultan bin Saqr, leading to a split between RAK, Ajman, and UQ.
- Lead to independent sheikdoms of Ajman and UQ.
- Ten years later, the Bani Yas experienced a similar split:
- Al Bu Falah tribe (Nahyan family) and Al Bu Falasah tribe (Al Maktoum family) separated from Abu Dhabi, leading to the establishment of Dubai.
- Established a “perfect maritime truce,” benefiting sheikdoms through increased wealth and population (uninterrupted pearling).
- British policy of neutrality in internal affairs prevented military intervention.
The Rise of Abu Dhabi
- In 1855, Shaikh Zayed b. Khalifa Al Nahyan became the Ruler of Abu Dhabi.
- He promoted economic growth and strengthened ties with the British.
- Abu Dhabi later became a key player in achieving UAE independence.
The United Arab Emirates
- In July 1971, six of the Trucial States (Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Umm al-Qaiwain, Ajman, and Fujairah) established a Federal Constitution for independence as the United Arab Emirates.
- On December 2, 1971, the UAE achieved independence.
- Ras Al Khaimah joined the union in February 1972.
- Sheikh Zayed became the first President of the UAE.
The UAE Today
- The UAE is a major international tourist and business center, considered one of the safest and most modern countries in the world.
- The country boasts one of the highest GDP per capita (seventh richest country in 2015).
- The UAE holds approximately 10% of the world's total known oil reserves, mainly in Abu Dhabi (90%) and Dubai (10%).
- The UAE has diversified its economy, with the oil sector contributing 30% of its GDP.
- Other significant contributors: Trade, Tourism, Real Estate, and Construction (especially in Dubai).
- The UAE's success is attributed to the foresight of its leaders.
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Description
Explore the key concepts of historical thinking and the evolution of the UAE from Trucial States to a modern nation. Understand the roles of primary and secondary sources in shaping historical narratives. This quiz covers perspectives, contexts, and the significance of different historical accounts.
