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What is the main focus of this lesson?
What is the main focus of this lesson?
The events that took place during the Spanish colonial administration.
What is the name of the primary source used in this study?
What is the name of the primary source used in this study?
Relascion de las Islas Filipinas
What are the three ranks of men in the Visayan society, as mentioned by Loarca?
What are the three ranks of men in the Visayan society, as mentioned by Loarca?
The marriage customs of the chiefs and timaguas were the same.
The marriage customs of the chiefs and timaguas were the same.
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What does the dowry for a Visayan chief typically consist of?
What does the dowry for a Visayan chief typically consist of?
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What do Visayan slaves believe happens to those who die young?
What do Visayan slaves believe happens to those who die young?
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What is the name of the god who possesses a tall tree on Mount Mayas and measures the lives of newborn children?
What is the name of the god who possesses a tall tree on Mount Mayas and measures the lives of newborn children?
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What is the name of the god who carries the souls of the Yligueynes to Inferno?
What is the name of the god who carries the souls of the Yligueynes to Inferno?
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The Visayans have specific times and places set aside for offering prayers and sacrifices to their gods.
The Visayans have specific times and places set aside for offering prayers and sacrifices to their gods.
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Besides a live hog and prepared food, what else do the Visayans offer during a sacrifice?
Besides a live hog and prepared food, what else do the Visayans offer during a sacrifice?
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The Visayans believe that the world has an end.
The Visayans believe that the world has an end.
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What is the name of the divinity who dwells in a volcano in Negros Island and is responsible for harvest and locust plagues?
What is the name of the divinity who dwells in a volcano in Negros Island and is responsible for harvest and locust plagues?
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The Visayans believed that rich people would be warmly welcomed in the afterlife.
The Visayans believed that rich people would be warmly welcomed in the afterlife.
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What is the name of the strict rule that governs mourning when a chief dies?
What is the name of the strict rule that governs mourning when a chief dies?
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The Visayans believed that sorcerers could touch a coffin without causing harm.
The Visayans believed that sorcerers could touch a coffin without causing harm.
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What are the names of the two people credited with establishing the rules for Visayan society?
What are the names of the two people credited with establishing the rules for Visayan society?
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Besides Loarca's work, what other writings provide insights into the indigenous Filipinos?
Besides Loarca's work, what other writings provide insights into the indigenous Filipinos?
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Study Notes
Lesson 2.3: Historical Source During the Spanish Period
- The lesson focuses on events during the colonial administration period.
- The primary source in the study details Visayan culture.
- Key learning outcomes include familiarizing students with Visayan culture during colonization.
- Students are expected to compare past and present Visayan customs.
- The study includes analysis of primary source information on Visayan culture and its impact on Filipino identity.
- A motivation question uses an image from the Boxer Codex, depicting the Pintados of the Visayas, to engage students with old Visayan culture.
- The Boxer Codex describes the natives encountered by the colonizers in the Pacific.
- The lesson discusses the work of Miguel Lopez de Loarca, a soldier who came with Legazpi.
- Loarca's Relascion de las Islas Filipinas (1582) details the Philippines and its people.
- This account also involves the form of government, customs, and marriage traditions of the various groups of inhabitants.
Visayan Marriage Customs
- Chiefs' marriage: The man asks the woman and calls in respected village officials.
- Chiefs' marriage: The officials, or timaguas, negotiate the marriage.
- Chiefs' marriage: One man takes a lance from the groom's father and thrusts it into the staircase.
- Chiefs' marriage: The act invokes the gods and ancestors to ensure a successful marriage.
- Chiefs' marriage: If the marriage occurs, the lance belongs to the intermediary (timagua), or it is repurchased.
- Chiefs' marriage: The dowry is generally 100 taels (gold, slaves, and jewels).
- Chiefs' marriage: The bride is carried on someone's shoulders to the groom's house.
- Chiefs' marriage: The bride is expected to show hesitation.
- Chiefs' marriage: If the groom backs out, a significant portion of his property is taken.
- Chiefs' marriage: If a man is too young or the woman is too young, they continue living with the parents.
- Timaguas' marriage: Timaguas don't follow the chief's marriage customs due to property constraints.
- Timaguas' marriage: Marriage is finalized by drinking from the same cup of pitarrilla.
- Slaves' marriage: Slaves marry without any intermediaries or ceremonies.
- Slaves' marriage: They simply say "Let us marry."
- Slaves' marriage: A chief who wishes to marry a slave to another chief's slave sends an intermediary.
- Slaves' marriage: The marriage agreement involves a few jars or dishes as gifts.
Visayan Religious Beliefs
- Belief regarding the dead: Pintados believe goblins eat the bowels of young people who die from illness.
- Belief regarding the dead: The souls of the old are taken by the wind.
- Belief regarding the dead: The Arayas (alliance of villages) believe that souls go to a high mountain in Panay.
- Belief regarding the dead: The souls of the people of Cubu (Cebu), Bohol, and Bantay go with the god, Sisiburanan, to a high mountain in the island of Burney.
- Belief regarding the destination of souls: Souls believed to go directly to the infernal regions but can be redeemed through sacrifices.
- Belief regarding the destination of souls: The poor lack sacrifices and remain in the Inferno permanently.
- Baylanes (tabaylan): The natives of the islands use no set time or place for offering sacrifices, except in times of illness, sowing, or war.
- Baylanes (tabaylan): Baylanes, the priests, dress in gold, garlands, and are given gold for their work.
- Baylanes (tabaylan): The baylanes do ceremonies to contact gods and demons for sick people in order to see what the future holds.
- Baylanes (tabaylan): Pitarrilas, live hogs, food, are brought to the altar in order to make a trade with the demons.
- Baylanes (tabaylan): During war and expeditions, prayers are offered to Varangao and other gods for redemption.
- Belief concerning the world: The world believed to be infinite and ruled by Macaptan, a bad god.
- Belief concerning the world: Lalahon, a goddess, dwells in a volcano.
- Burials: Coffins are used; valuables are buried with the body.
- Burials: People light fires near the house during funerals.
- Burials: Armed men are sentinels guarding the coffin to prevent evil spirits and demons.
- Mourning the dead: There is a period of mourning and restrictions.
- Mourning the dead: Spears are carried downward, and blades are tipped reversed.
- Mourning the dead: Singing, parties, and brightly colored clothes are prohibited during mourning.
- Mourning the dead: Penalties for violating rules are placed on slaves and others.
Other related information
- Additional primary sources of the natives of the Philippines are those of Fr. Pedro Chirino and Fr. Juan Plasencia.
- These works focus on the inhabitants of Luzon and the Tagalogs.
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Description
Explore the Visayan culture during the Spanish colonial period through primary sources, such as the Boxer Codex and Miguel Lopez de Loarca's account. This lesson aims to help students understand the influence of colonization on Filipino identity, customs, and traditions. Engage with historical perspectives to compare past and present Visayan customs.
