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Questions and Answers
Which age group cannot be diagnosed with psychopathy?
Which age group cannot be diagnosed with psychopathy?
Psychopaths make up 15-25% of the adult prison population.
Psychopaths make up 15-25% of the adult prison population.
True
What behavioral trend is noted in adolescents with psychopathy?
What behavioral trend is noted in adolescents with psychopathy?
Disregard for the effect of antisocial behavior on victims
The psychopathy checklist for youth is abbreviated as _____
The psychopathy checklist for youth is abbreviated as _____
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Match the following developmental stages with their expressions of impairment in empathy:
Match the following developmental stages with their expressions of impairment in empathy:
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What happens to a conditioned response if the unconditional stimulus is continuously removed?
What happens to a conditioned response if the unconditional stimulus is continuously removed?
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Aversive conditioning involves pairing something enjoyable with a pleasant stimulus.
Aversive conditioning involves pairing something enjoyable with a pleasant stimulus.
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Who was the famous subject in the fear conditioning experiment known as Little Albert?
Who was the famous subject in the fear conditioning experiment known as Little Albert?
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In Moffitt's Dual Taxonomy, ___________ describes an age where individuals typically show little to no antisocial behavior.
In Moffitt's Dual Taxonomy, ___________ describes an age where individuals typically show little to no antisocial behavior.
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Match the following theories with their descriptions:
Match the following theories with their descriptions:
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According to contemporary psychological theories, what is a key difference between reinforcement and punishment?
According to contemporary psychological theories, what is a key difference between reinforcement and punishment?
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The early onset group in Patterson's theory shows better social relationships than the late onset group.
The early onset group in Patterson's theory shows better social relationships than the late onset group.
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The Marshmallow Test is designed to measure ___________ in children.
The Marshmallow Test is designed to measure ___________ in children.
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Which model emphasizes the punishment of offenders to control crime?
Which model emphasizes the punishment of offenders to control crime?
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The Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) is designed to prioritize punishment over rehabilitation.
The Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) is designed to prioritize punishment over rehabilitation.
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What is one key issue that the Juvenile Delinquents Act (JDA) faced?
What is one key issue that the Juvenile Delinquents Act (JDA) faced?
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Minority youth are more likely to be arrested due to __________ factors affecting police discretion.
Minority youth are more likely to be arrested due to __________ factors affecting police discretion.
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Which group is indicated to have a higher likelihood of being incarcerated due to policing practices?
Which group is indicated to have a higher likelihood of being incarcerated due to policing practices?
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Extrajudicial measures are only considered for those who have committed violent offences.
Extrajudicial measures are only considered for those who have committed violent offences.
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Match the following police responses with their corresponding descriptions:
Match the following police responses with their corresponding descriptions:
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What is a common outcome for Black and Indigenous youth in police encounters?
What is a common outcome for Black and Indigenous youth in police encounters?
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What is the purpose of extrajudicial measures?
What is the purpose of extrajudicial measures?
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Older girls are generally more likely to be charged and go to court than older boys.
Older girls are generally more likely to be charged and go to court than older boys.
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Indigenous youth are particularly disadvantaged by the lack of _______ available for diversion.
Indigenous youth are particularly disadvantaged by the lack of _______ available for diversion.
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What effect do community resources like youth centres have on police discretion?
What effect do community resources like youth centres have on police discretion?
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Match the following factors to their respective descriptions regarding police discretion:
Match the following factors to their respective descriptions regarding police discretion:
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What do zero-tolerance policies primarily focus on?
What do zero-tolerance policies primarily focus on?
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Relational aggression is primarily characterized by physical force.
Relational aggression is primarily characterized by physical force.
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Which counselling method is listed as the most effective?
Which counselling method is listed as the most effective?
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What are criminogenic needs typically associated with?
What are criminogenic needs typically associated with?
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Cognitive-behavioural therapy is considered the least effective skill building program.
Cognitive-behavioural therapy is considered the least effective skill building program.
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What is the main aim of the SNAP program?
What is the main aim of the SNAP program?
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The term ______ refers to the differential exposure of boys and girls to criminogenic conditions.
The term ______ refers to the differential exposure of boys and girls to criminogenic conditions.
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Match the following levels of crime prevention with their descriptions:
Match the following levels of crime prevention with their descriptions:
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The ___ program trains children on the dangers of gang involvement.
The ___ program trains children on the dangers of gang involvement.
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Match the counselling methods with their effectiveness percentage:
Match the counselling methods with their effectiveness percentage:
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Which of these skill-building programs is aimed specifically at vocational training?
Which of these skill-building programs is aimed specifically at vocational training?
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The cost-benefit analysis for the SNAP program indicates it saves more than 1 conviction per boy.
The cost-benefit analysis for the SNAP program indicates it saves more than 1 conviction per boy.
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The SNAP evaluation shows a cost of C$___ per boy on average.
The SNAP evaluation shows a cost of C$___ per boy on average.
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Study Notes
Historical Perspectives on Youth
- Medieval Europe (5th to 14th Century): Children viewed as inherently "evil" due to the concept of "original sin". The Roman Catholic Church dominated. Children seen as miniature adults. Artwork reflected this viewpoint.
- Reformation (14th - 16th Century): Decline of the Roman Catholic influence. Puritan doctrine: children born evil and requiring strict discipline. Emphasis on religion, morality, and self-reliance. Children often beaten as a form of discipline.
- Age of Discovery (16th/17th Century): Shift from agrarian feudalism to mercantilism. Poverty and youth delinquency increased. Rise of vagrants and beggars. Thomas Hobbes' belief that children are born evil.
- Enlightenment (18th Century): New philosophies emphasizing human dignity and reason. Conceptions of childhood became more humane. Increased focus on science over religion. Shift from the perspective of the Roman Catholic Church and notions of "original sin".
Historical Perspectives in a Canadian Context
- First Western Settlers: Impoverished Europeans seeking opportunities. Increased freedom and independence given to children, leading to less parental/church/state authority. Child labor essential for fur trade success.
- Agrarian Societies (pre-1867): Rural communities. Education through apprenticeships. Patriarchal structure, family essential social unit.
- Industrial Societies (1867-1960s): Urbanization, decline of church influence, specialized labor. Children indistinguishable from adults, suffering poor working conditions. Belief that juvenile crime stems from social problems, not moral failing.
- Early Responses to Youth Crime: Intentional contravention of state-defined laws. Separates accidents from acts of malice. "Mens rea" (guilty mind), and "culpability." In agrarian periods, causes of youth crime were seen as having too much freedom, and poverty played a role in industrial periods.
- The Industrial Revolution and Youth Crime: Increased youth crime, including minor property offenses and some violent crime. Urban development and poverty contributed to youth crime. The Cabrini-Green housing project in Chicago (as an example of urban development and poverty impacting youth crime).
- Initial Legislation in Canada: Children under 7 considered incapable of crime ("doli incapax"). Children between 7-13 presumed incapable, but presumption could be challenged. Children 14+ fully responsible for crimes.
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Description
Explore the evolution of views on childhood from Medieval Europe through the Enlightenment. This quiz examines how religion, philosophy, and societal changes shaped perceptions of children throughout history. Test your knowledge on key figures and ideas that influenced these historical perspectives.
