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Questions and Answers
What is the maximum duration a patient with a psychiatric disorder can be held without being a threat to themselves or others?
What is the maximum duration a patient with a psychiatric disorder can be held without being a threat to themselves or others?
Which of the following is a legal and ethical requirement when documenting patient care?
Which of the following is a legal and ethical requirement when documenting patient care?
What does SBAR stand for in the context of healthcare communication?
What does SBAR stand for in the context of healthcare communication?
What is the role of informed consent in medical procedures?
What is the role of informed consent in medical procedures?
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What constitutes a sentinel event in patient care?
What constitutes a sentinel event in patient care?
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What primary role did Florence Nightingale play during the Crimean War?
What primary role did Florence Nightingale play during the Crimean War?
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Which nursing pioneer is known for founding the Red Cross in North America?
Which nursing pioneer is known for founding the Red Cross in North America?
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What was one of the main goals of nursing as outlined in the art and science of nursing?
What was one of the main goals of nursing as outlined in the art and science of nursing?
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What does evidence-based practice in nursing primarily involve?
What does evidence-based practice in nursing primarily involve?
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What is the primary focus of patient-centered care in healthcare systems?
What is the primary focus of patient-centered care in healthcare systems?
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What role do practical nurses (PNs) primarily fulfill in the healthcare system?
What role do practical nurses (PNs) primarily fulfill in the healthcare system?
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Which of the following statements regarding the historical nursing education process is TRUE?
Which of the following statements regarding the historical nursing education process is TRUE?
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What is the goal of the 'BSN in 10' initiative?
What is the goal of the 'BSN in 10' initiative?
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Which of the following models emphasizes a comprehensive, coordinated, and patient-centered approach to healthcare?
Which of the following models emphasizes a comprehensive, coordinated, and patient-centered approach to healthcare?
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What significant change regarding hospital payments was made by Medicare in 2008?
What significant change regarding hospital payments was made by Medicare in 2008?
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What is one of the main functions of Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs)?
What is one of the main functions of Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs)?
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What role do personal values play in maintaining wellness?
What role do personal values play in maintaining wellness?
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What must healthcare providers understand to deliver effective care?
What must healthcare providers understand to deliver effective care?
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Which of the following describes the holistic approach to care?
Which of the following describes the holistic approach to care?
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According to Maslow’s theory, which need is prioritized for psychological comfort?
According to Maslow’s theory, which need is prioritized for psychological comfort?
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How should a nurse approach patient assessment to promote effective communication?
How should a nurse approach patient assessment to promote effective communication?
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What might low health literacy in patients lead to?
What might low health literacy in patients lead to?
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What is emphasized in the concept of self-actualization according to Maslow?
What is emphasized in the concept of self-actualization according to Maslow?
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What term describes the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment?
What term describes the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment?
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What is the primary purpose of tertiary prevention in healthcare?
What is the primary purpose of tertiary prevention in healthcare?
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Which type of law involves regulations established by governmental agencies?
Which type of law involves regulations established by governmental agencies?
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In Texas, what is required for Licensed Vocational Nurses (LVNs) to perform specific tasks?
In Texas, what is required for Licensed Vocational Nurses (LVNs) to perform specific tasks?
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What is considered negligence in the context of nursing practice?
What is considered negligence in the context of nursing practice?
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What does the Good Samaritan Law provide for medical professionals who offer assistance in emergencies?
What does the Good Samaritan Law provide for medical professionals who offer assistance in emergencies?
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What is a sentinel event in healthcare?
What is a sentinel event in healthcare?
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Under the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act, what qualifies as maltreatment?
Under the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act, what qualifies as maltreatment?
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What main responsibility do nurse students have compared to licensed nurses?
What main responsibility do nurse students have compared to licensed nurses?
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What action is typically taken when a nurse is found guilty of misconduct?
What action is typically taken when a nurse is found guilty of misconduct?
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What is defined as discrimination in the context of healthcare?
What is defined as discrimination in the context of healthcare?
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What is the first stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome?
What is the first stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome?
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Which physiological function is associated with the sympathetic nervous system?
Which physiological function is associated with the sympathetic nervous system?
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What effect does prolonged exposure to stress generally have on the body?
What effect does prolonged exposure to stress generally have on the body?
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Which coping mechanism involves altering thoughts to change the emotional response to a stressor?
Which coping mechanism involves altering thoughts to change the emotional response to a stressor?
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What is the focus of primary prevention regarding health promotion?
What is the focus of primary prevention regarding health promotion?
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Which of the following is considered a stress reduction technique?
Which of the following is considered a stress reduction technique?
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Which factor does NOT influence the effects of stress?
Which factor does NOT influence the effects of stress?
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What is one of the primary goals of the Healthy People 2030 initiative?
What is one of the primary goals of the Healthy People 2030 initiative?
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What characterizes individuals with hardiness in coping with stress?
What characterizes individuals with hardiness in coping with stress?
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Which of the following is a common result of excessive stress on the body?
Which of the following is a common result of excessive stress on the body?
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During the Crusades, nursing was not recognized as a profession and no hospitals were established.
During the Crusades, nursing was not recognized as a profession and no hospitals were established.
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Florence Nightingale's improvements during the Crimean War included keeping records and reinforcing theories of care such as the importance of nutrition and recreational therapy for sick people.
Florence Nightingale's improvements during the Crimean War included keeping records and reinforcing theories of care such as the importance of nutrition and recreational therapy for sick people.
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The National League of Nursing Education was the first official nursing school in North America.
The National League of Nursing Education was the first official nursing school in North America.
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Nursing theory involves a statement about the relationship among concepts or facts, which is based on original information.
Nursing theory involves a statement about the relationship among concepts or facts, which is based on original information.
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The American Nurses Association (ANA) establishes 27 Standards of National Care to protect the nurse, patient, and facility.
The American Nurses Association (ANA) establishes 27 Standards of National Care to protect the nurse, patient, and facility.
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According to the concept of homeostasis, the body constantly adjusts to maintain a stable internal condition.
According to the concept of homeostasis, the body constantly adjusts to maintain a stable internal condition.
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A person's ability to relate to others is considered a purely biological factor in determining their overall wellness.
A person's ability to relate to others is considered a purely biological factor in determining their overall wellness.
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In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, physiological needs such as oxygen and hygiene must be met before needs related to security and belonging are addressed.
In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, physiological needs such as oxygen and hygiene must be met before needs related to security and belonging are addressed.
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A nurse should always refer to patients who do not adhere to their care plans as noncompliant, reflecting effective communication.
A nurse should always refer to patients who do not adhere to their care plans as noncompliant, reflecting effective communication.
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The holistic approach recognizes every person as a unique combination of mind, body, and spirit, and that the total is less than the sum of the parts.
The holistic approach recognizes every person as a unique combination of mind, body, and spirit, and that the total is less than the sum of the parts.
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In functional nursing, registered nurses primarily administer medications and treatments.
In functional nursing, registered nurses primarily administer medications and treatments.
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The primary focus of the restorative level of care is on chronic disease management.
The primary focus of the restorative level of care is on chronic disease management.
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The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act was fully implemented in 2017 by the Trump administration.
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act was fully implemented in 2017 by the Trump administration.
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Preferred Provider Organizations (PPOs) require patients to obtain referrals from a primary care provider before seeing a specialist.
Preferred Provider Organizations (PPOs) require patients to obtain referrals from a primary care provider before seeing a specialist.
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Under Diagnosis-Related Groups (DRGs), hospitals receive a fixed amount of money per patient hospitalization, regardless of additional complications.
Under Diagnosis-Related Groups (DRGs), hospitals receive a fixed amount of money per patient hospitalization, regardless of additional complications.
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Local adaptation syndrome (LAS) involves the entire body's response to stress.
Local adaptation syndrome (LAS) involves the entire body's response to stress.
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During the alarm stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome, the body's defenses are mobilized through the release of hormones.
During the alarm stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome, the body's defenses are mobilized through the release of hormones.
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Homeostasis is the body's tendency to maintain a changing internal environment.
Homeostasis is the body's tendency to maintain a changing internal environment.
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Secondary prevention is about preventing the disease from occurring in the first place.
Secondary prevention is about preventing the disease from occurring in the first place.
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The parasympathetic nervous system is primarily responsible for the 'fight or flight' response to stress.
The parasympathetic nervous system is primarily responsible for the 'fight or flight' response to stress.
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Rehabilitation after a disorder has stabilized is considered a type of primary prevention.
Rehabilitation after a disorder has stabilized is considered a type of primary prevention.
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Judicial law is created by agencies within the legislature.
Judicial law is created by agencies within the legislature.
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In Texas, Licensed Vocational Nurses (LVNs) can practice independently without supervision under the Nurse Practice Act.
In Texas, Licensed Vocational Nurses (LVNs) can practice independently without supervision under the Nurse Practice Act.
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The Patient Care Partnership was initially established in 1992, and revised in 2003.
The Patient Care Partnership was initially established in 1992, and revised in 2003.
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According to Good Samaritan Laws, medical professionals are required to stop and render aid in an emergency situation.
According to Good Samaritan Laws, medical professionals are required to stop and render aid in an emergency situation.
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Study Notes
Historical Overview of Nursing
- Nursing, in its earliest forms, involved familial and community support for basic needs, individual volunteers, and the application of herbal remedies.
Nursing in England and Europe
- Traditionally, nursing was under the direction of priest-physicians.
- Illness was often viewed as a result of sin or divine displeasure.
- Phoebe is credited with early visiting nursing in Rome.
- The Crusades saw the emergence of hospitals and nursing as a recognized profession.
- Hospitals were abandoned and taken over by governments following the break from the Catholic Church.
- These governmental hospitals experienced poor conditions; criminals, widows, and orphans often filled the roles of nurses in exchange for food and lodging.
Florence Nightingale
- Florence Nightingale improved sanitation, ventilation, wound care, and nutrition during the Crimean War.
- She developed influential nursing theories regarding the importance of nutrition, occupational/recreational therapy, emotional support, and addressing personal needs of patients.
- Nightingale advocated for nursing as a separate, distinct profession requiring separate education and ongoing training.
- Nightingale’s work led the death rate in her wards from 60% to 1%.
Nursing in North America
- Nursing played a limited role in the Civil War, with Dorothea Dix and Clara Barton organizing women volunteers who were not considered registered nurses.
- Clara Barton established the American Red Cross.
- Lillian Wald took nursing into the communities to address the healthcare needs of the poor, starting the Henry Street Settlement Service in NYC.
- Nursing education after the Civil War was done primarily through apprenticeship, evolving into more formal programs ranging from six months to three years.
Art and Science of Nursing
- Nursing goals include promoting wellness, preventing illness, facilitating coping mechanisms (therapeutic communication and relationship building), and restoring health.
- Nurses provide caregiving, education, collaboration, and advocacy.
- Nursing theory explains relationships between concepts, based on existing evidence.
- Nurse's role is a combination of art and science, selecting interventions for best patient outcomes.
Evidence-Based Practice
- Evidence-based practice incorporates the best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values.
- Key resources include professional journals, systematic reviews, and evidence-based practice guidelines.
Current Nursing Practice
- The American Nurses Association (ANA) sets standards of care and a code of ethics.
- State practice acts define the legal scope of nursing practice, licensure requirements, supervision, and education for each level of nursing.
- A 6-month preceptorship (residency) is recommended for newly graduated registered nurses.
- The nursing process (assessment, data analysis/problem identification, planning, implementation, and evaluation) integrates art and science of nursing.
Nursing Education Pathways
- Different pathways exist for becoming a nurse (RN or PN).
- Practical nurses (PNs) provide direct care under supervision.
- Registered nurses (RNs) have varying education levels (diploma, associate degree, baccalaureate degree).
- Advanced practice nurses (APRNs) hold master's or doctoral degrees and have specialized expertise.
Delivery of Nursing Care
- Various models for organizing care exist (functional, team, total patient care, primary nursing), with patient-centered care becoming increasingly prevalent.
Today's Healthcare System
- Diagnosis-Related Groups (DRGs) influence hospital reimbursement, demanding careful documentation and assessment from nurses.
- The healthcare system emphasizes a medical home approach to care, comprising preventative and primary (and secondary, tertiary, restorative, continuing care) services.
- Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) and Preferred Provider Organizations (PPOs) are common healthcare delivery systems, focusing on cost containment.
- The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) aimed to expand health insurance coverage, although it has undergone significant changes and modifications.
Concepts of Health, Illness, Stress, and Health Promotion
- Health and illness exist on a continuum, constantly evolving.
- Factors influencing health and illness are varied, encompassing personal, psychosocial, and spiritual dimensions.
- Patient engagement in health behaviors is key to health promotion.
- Cultural beliefs must be respected; health literacy is crucial.
The Holistic Approach
- The holistic approach considers the patient's entire being (body, mind, spirit) in care.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
- Maslow's hierarchy outlines basic human needs, starting with physiological needs, then safety, belonging, self-esteem, and self-actualization, in a hierarchical structure.
Homeostasis and Stress
- Homeostasis is the body's equilibrium, disrupted by stress.
- The General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) describes long-term stress responses (alarm, resistance, exhaustion).
- Local Adaptation Syndrome (LAS) highlights stress reactions at specific body sites.
- Coping mechanisms (including psychological defenses) manage stress.
Health Promotion and Illness Prevention
- Health promotion and illness prevention include primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of prevention.
Legal and Ethical Aspects of Nursing
- Nurses adhere to laws and guidelines (e.g., patient care partnership, OSHA, child abuse, discrimination) affecting their practice.
- Nurse Practice Acts outline the scope of practice and licensure requirements.
- Nurses have responsibilities for informed consent, confidentiality, and patient advocacy.
- Ethical dilemmas (e.g., euthanasia, patient rights) emerge in nursing practice.
- Important legal concepts include assault and battery, defamation, false imprisonment, and advanced directives.
- Legal risk reduction is the responsibility of individual nurses.
- Maintaining nursing competence, using risk management strategies, and conducting incident/occurrence reports can prevent legal issues.
- Nurses must consider cost containment while delivering effective care.
- Nurses adhere to HIPAA, confidentiality, and consent protocols.
- Advance directives like DNRs and living wills are crucial.
- Malpractice involves duty, breach of duty, causation, and injury.
- Nurses are responsible for documenting care in an accurate, timely, and factual manner (e.g., using patient identifiers).
- Reporting errors and violations is important.
- Informed consent requires complete explanation of procedures, risks, benefits, alternatives.
- Implied consent is assumed in life-threatening situations.
- Releases from liability are important in patient discharge cases and emergency situations.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the evolution of nursing through history, from early community care and the role of priest-physicians to the significant contributions of Florence Nightingale during the Crimean War. This quiz covers key figures, historical developments, and the transformation of nursing into a recognized profession.
