GEC 3

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of a historian?

To ensure that historical facts are always objective and unquestionable

To record events as they occur without analysis

To solely produce historical knowledge through personal experiences

To collect and interpret historical evidence to create historical knowledge (correct)

Which statement accurately reflects Edward Hallett Carr's view on historical facts?

Facts can exist independently of the historian's perspective.

Historians should disregard context when defining historical facts.

Historical facts are determined through the careful analysis of historians. (correct)

Historical facts are absolute truths that do not change over time.

What does the context of a historian's research influence?

The level of scrutiny applied by their peers

The productivity of the historian in terms of publication

The timeline of historical events as perceived by the public

The way historical sources are interpreted and selected (correct)

Which aspect is crucial for ensuring the scientific quality of historical knowledge?

The adherence to rigorous historical methodology Signup and view all the answers

Why are historians subject to scrutiny by their peers?

To maintain high standards in the discipline of history Signup and view all the answers

Who is known as the 'Father of History'?

Herodotus Signup and view all the answers

What does historiography refer to?

The history of history itself Signup and view all the answers

Which philosopher argued that history should be studied for its own sake?

Leopold von Ranke Signup and view all the answers

What concept describes history's complexity and its various perspectives?

Dynamism Signup and view all the answers

Which period saw the rise of Christianity and significant influence on historical interpretation?

Medieval Period Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the rise of positivist philosophy in history?

Professional historians emerged as academic figures Signup and view all the answers

Benedetto Croce's assertion that 'All history is contemporary history' implies what?

Understanding history is essential for contemporary analysis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the legacy of Ferdinand Marcos in Philippine history?

His family's actions have aimed to revise historical perceptions of his rule. Signup and view all the answers

What defines a primary source in historical research?

A source that was produced in the same period as the event. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of external criticism?

To determine if a primary source is authentic. Signup and view all the answers

How do secondary sources enhance historical understanding?

They interpret and analyze primary sources for broader insights. Signup and view all the answers

What is internal criticism used for in analyzing historical sources?

To examine and analyze the content of a primary source. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it challenging for historians to create a full picture of the past?

Historical evidence is frequently incomplete or limited. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about historical sources is true?

Both types of sources serve important functions in research. Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential issue that primary sources may face over time?

They can deteriorate or be subject to forgery. Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate goal of applying external and internal criticisms in historical research?

To avoid false claims and misrepresentation of history. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of external criticism in historical research?

To verify the authenticity of evidence through analysis of its physical characteristics. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes internal criticism?

It examines the content and context of a document. Signup and view all the answers

What can the use of unverified sources lead to in historical conclusions?

Creation of false narratives. Signup and view all the answers

How did historians like William Henry Scott approach the Code of Kalantiaw?

They applied knowledge of ancient Philippine societies to debunk it. Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the conclusion of the National Historical Commission of the Philippines regarding Ferdinand Marcos' war medals?

The medals were discovered to be fabricated. Signup and view all the answers

What role do primary sources play in historical analysis?

They provide firsthand accounts that are interpreted by historians. Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential danger of historical narratives crafted from secondary sources alone?

They may lack critical analysis of original documents. Signup and view all the answers

How can the understanding of historical context affect the interpretation of history?

It shows the influence of cultural and social factors on historical events. Signup and view all the answers

What groups formed the Katipunan?

Workers, artisans, local intellectuals, and small entrepreneurs Signup and view all the answers

Why did the Katipunan write almost exclusively in Filipino?

To connect with and rally support from their countrymen Signup and view all the answers

What did American historians refer to the conflict with the Philippines as?

Filipino Insurrection Signup and view all the answers

Which historian is recognized as a pioneer of nationalist historiography in the Philippines?

Teodoro Agoncillo Signup and view all the answers

What concept did Amado Guerrero adopt in his historical writings?

Historical materialism Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Pantayong Pananaw according to Zeus Salazar?

To reclaim and reinterpret Filipino history from a new perspective Signup and view all the answers

Who among the following was considered a front-runner of progressive and Marxist history?

Renato Constantino Signup and view all the answers

What was one effect of the American colonial period on education in the Philippines?

It established English as the medium of instruction Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Historian's Role and Methodology

Historians pursue continuous historical knowledge and must adapt to new evidence and developments.
They produce historical knowledge by interrogating the past through the gathering and interpretation of evidence.
Historical facts are determined through the historian's insights; objectivity is challenged by context and personal bias.
Historical methodology involves techniques and rules for selecting and interpreting sources accurately; it's a professional academic discipline subjected to peer scrutiny.

Historical Inquiry and Storytelling

History revolves around human activities and seeks to explain past events and actions.
Herodotus is regarded as the "Father of History," establishing history as a field of study, while Thucydides is considered the "Father of Scientific History" for his objective approach.
Historiography is the study of historical writing and interpretation, helping to better understand past contexts.

Medieval Period and Historical Development

Christianity and the Church influenced the recording of history, often overshadowing human deeds with divine narratives.
Positivist philosophy contributed to history being treated as a scientific discipline, advocating for a focus on studying history for its own sake (Historicisim).
Leopold von Ranke emphasized objective representation of historical facts, which shaped the profession further.

Emergence of Historical Subdisciplines

The formation of new subdisciplines (e.g., Women’s, Environmental, and Urban History) arose from contemporary issues requiring detailed historical examination.
Benedetto Croce argued that all history is contemporary, stressing its relevance to present times.
The Marcos family's revisionist efforts to recast their regime's legacy highlight the impact of historical interpretation and bias.

Historical Sources and Criticism

Primary sources are firsthand accounts from the period under study, while secondary sources are derived from the analysis of primary materials.
External criticism validates the authenticity of primary sources through the examination of their material characteristics and context.
Internal criticism analyzes the content of primary sources, considering their creation circumstances to ensure accurate interpretation.

Debunking Falsifications

Historians combat false claims through rigorous scrutiny, reaffirming the importance of verifying sources.
Cases like the Code of Kalantiaw and alleged war exploits of Ferdinand Marcos exemplify errors in historical representation due to unverified sources.

Philippine Historiography and National Identity

The development of history as a discipline in the Philippines is influenced by various social and political contexts.
The Katipunan, comprising diverse members, utilized Filipino to foster national identity during the revolution.
American colonialism reshaped historical narratives, emphasizing perspectives that aligned with U.S interests, labeling the Philippine-American conflict as an "insurrection."

Filipino Nationalist Historiography

Prominent historians like Teodoro Agoncillo and Renato Constantino shaped a nationalist interpretation of history focused on the Filipino experience.
Agoncillo's work highlights the Philippine Revolution, while Constantino introduced a progressive, Marxist lens to historical analysis.
Zeus Salazar's Pantayong Pananaw framework advocates reclaiming history through a perspective centered on the Filipino populace.

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Description

Explore the role and methods historians use to interpret history in this quiz. Learn about the evolution of historical inquiry and the key figures who shaped its study. Challenge your knowledge on techniques of evidence evaluation and the objectivity in historiography.