Historical Legacies of Globalization

Study Notes

Globalization is a complex term with various historical interpretations
Early forms of globalization existed before 1492, involving trade and interaction between nations. However, 1492 is often considered a pivotal point in the expansion of large-scale global trade.
Columbus's voyages marked a significant turning point, initiating wider European exploration and trade with the Americas
Colonization had both positive and negative impacts. One perspective views colonization as a catalyst for increased global trade and wealth for European nations but simultaneously leading to the exploitation and subjugation of indigenous populations. Another perspective argues colonization also expanded exposure to European ways of life.
Different perspectives on the role of European nations and the effect on indigenous populations highlight the complexities of interpreting history.
The image of "good vs evil" in historical events and figures is an oversimplified perspective. History is more nuanced.
The concept of the "grand narrative" is explored as a misleading simplification of historical events. Not all narratives are equal or equally important.
Terms:
- Egocentrism: the belief one's culture is superior to others
- Eurocentrism: specifically the belief that European ways are superior
- Imperialism: expanding power through diplomacy or military force
- Hegemony: leadership or dominance, often by one country

1492 marked a significant step in the establishment of large-scale global trade. Before this, there was interaction between nations, but the scale was not as large.
Christopher Columbus's voyages were a crucial part of this transformation of trade.
European voyages were not the only form of exploration of new lands.

Increased exploration led to the exchange of goods between nations worldwide.
The demand for goods unavailable in Europe increased dramatically during this time.

Goods, resources and even disease were exchanged between different continents.
The map visually represents parts of the world involved in the Columbian Exchange.

A historical economic system that benefited colonizers, particularly the monarchy.
Involved trade relationships between a colonizing power and its colonies with strict trade restrictions to control the colonies' economies.

Technological advancements like the steam engine greatly influenced mass transportation and production.
The rise of the factory system with mass production techniques like the assembly line and division of labor was a significant development.
The period also led to urbanization: a movement of people from rural areas to cities.

A new social class emerged that desired less government intervention in favor of maximizing profits.
This led to issues such as unsafe working conditions, unfair treatment of laborers, and environmental damage.

The unit and chapter connect through the context of historical globalization and its impact, particularly illustrated by the Hawai'i logistics problem.