Historical Figures and Events in the Philippines

Key Figures and Events

José Rizal: Renowned Filipino nationalist, author of influential works like "Noli Me Tangere" and "El Filibusterismo."
Andrés Bonifacio: Leader of the Philippine Revolution and known for advocating armed struggle against Spanish colonial rule.
Louis Pasteur: Developed the first rabies vaccine, contributing significantly to microbiology and public health.
Benigno Aquino: Filipino political leader known for his martyrdom; famously described as "worth dying for."

Literary Contributions

Mi Último Adiós: Rizal's farewell poem, expressing his deep love for the Philippines before his execution.
Sa Aking Mga Kabata: Rizal's first poem, demonstrating his early literary talent and patriotism.
La Liga Filipina: An organization founded by Rizal aimed at social reforms in the Philippines.
Urbana at Feliza: A correspondence between siblings revealing cultural nuances of the time.

Scientific and Educational Themes

Photosynthesis: The process by which plants convert sunlight into chemical energy.
Microbial Culture: Fundamental concept in microbiology that involves the study of microscopic organisms.
Plasma: A state of matter characterized by high-energy hot gases derived from atomic nuclei.

Culture and Governance

Bicamerealism: A legislative system with two separate chambers or houses.
Alibata: The earliest form of writing in the Philippines, reflecting cultural heritage.
RA 10533: Referencing the Enhanced Basic Education Act in the Philippines, significant for educational reform.

Societal Elements

Community Tax: A tax payable by every adult male, aimed at local government funding.
Meritocracy: A social system that rewards based on individual talent and achievements.

Historical Context

Firing Squad Execution: Refers to the manner of Rizal's execution, highlighting the extreme measures used by colonial powers against dissidents.
Mt. Pinatubo: A volcano whose eruption in 1991 had significant environmental impacts and is historically notable.
Spanish Surnames: Reflects the colonial influence on Filipino culture, notably under Narciso Claveria’s decree.

Miscellaneous Notes

Impertinent: A term denoting irrelevance, important in literary and critical discourse.
Calamba: Birthplace of José Rizal, representing his roots and early influences.
Cilia: Hair-like structures involved in cellular movement and differentiation.

Art and Tradition

Diwata: Refers to the first Philippine satellite, symbolizing technological advancement.
Haiku: A form of Japanese poetry, noted for its structure yet excluded from traditional figures of speech here.

Trivia

Rizal could speak about 22 languages, showcasing his intellect and education.
First novel: "Noli Me Tangere," published in Berlin in 1887.
Second novel: "El Filibusterismo," published in Ghent in 1891.

Cultural Education

Mother Tongue Education: Emphasized in the K-3 curriculum in the Philippines, enhancing early childhood learning.
Assessment as Learning: A pedagogical approach that involves students in the evaluation process.

These notes outline significant figures, events, and concepts that have shaped Filipino history and culture, particularly reflecting on José Rizal's contributions and the broader context of the Philippine educational and socio-political landscape.