Historical Evolution of the USA: Lincoln to Roosevelt

The election of Abraham Lincoln, a Northerner opposed to slavery, sparked the secession of seven Southern states, forming the Confederate States of America and initiating the Civil War.

Lincoln's goal was to preserve the Union and prevent the secession of Southern states. He believed that the seceded states were still part of the United States, but the conflict was unavoidable.

The Emancipation Proclamation, issued by Lincoln in 1862, declared the freedom of enslaved people in Confederate states. This significant declaration shifted the focus of the war from preserving the Union to ending slavery.

Union victories at Vicksburg and Gettysburg in July 1863 were crucial turning points in the war, raising hopes for a Union win.

Lincoln's Gettysburg Address, delivered at the dedication of a national cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, emphasized human equality and provided a moral framework for the Union cause.

Lincoln's efforts to reconstruct the South after the Civil War focused on reconciliation and rebuilding, with a vision of unity and forgiveness.

The rapid growth of American industry following the Civil War, characterized by the use of machines to replace hand labor and the widespread development of railroads.

The widespread adoption of new technologies like the telephone, phonograph, and automobile, along with the availability of natural resources like coal and iron, fueled industrial growth during this period.

The event that officially brought the United States into World War II, following the attack on Pearl Harbor.

A meeting between Allied leaders, Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin, to discuss war strategies and postwar plans.

The international organization established after World War II to promote peace and cooperation between nations.

Roosevelt's legacy is defined by his leadership in overcoming two major crises: the Great Depression and World War II.

Lincoln is remembered for ending slavery and preserving the Union during the Civil War, shaping the course of American history.

The South remained primarily an agricultural area despite some industrialization.

The Homestead Act gave people free or cheap land in the West, attracting miners and farmers.

Social reform aimed to improve living conditions, reduce poverty, and regulate big businesses.

The United States joined the Allies in World War I in 1917 after German aggression.

Wilson's Fourteen Points for a peaceful resolution were ignored, and the Treaty of Versailles imposed harsh terms on Germany.

The Roaring Twenties saw economic growth, prosperous conditions for working people, and a rise in modernism.

Abraham Lincoln was the 16th president of the United States, serving from 1861 to 1865. He led the nation through the Civil War and played a crucial role in abolishing slavery.

The 1920s brought breakthroughs in science, aviation, women's liberation, and political change.

During the 1800s, the Abolition Movement gained significant momentum, with numerous Americans demanding an end to slavery. This social and political movement was particularly active in the North, where slavery was eventually outlawed.

The New Deal was President Roosevelt's program to tackle the Great Depression with economic relief, recovery, and reform.

The Confederacy was formed by states that seceded from the Union in 1860 and 1861, primarily due to fears surrounding the abolition of slavery and the election of Abraham Lincoln.

In the early 1800s, the issue of slavery escalated into a major political and social conflict in the United States. The Abolition Movement's growing influence sparked fear and anxiety among Southerners, who relied heavily on enslaved labor for their agricultural economy. This fear contributed to the South's staunch defense of slavery.

The 1860 presidential election exposed the deep divisions between the North and the South. The Democratic Party split, reflecting the conflicting viewpoints on slavery. The Republicans, united in their opposition to slavery, nominated Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln's election victory fueled fears in the South, as he was known for his anti-slavery views.

South Carolina was the first state to secede from the Union in December 1860, followed by other Southern states, leading to the formation of the Confederate States of America. These states seceded primarily due to their fear of Lincoln's anti-slavery stance and their determination to protect the institution of slavery.

The Republican Party, known for its opposition to slavery, successfully united the nation under Abraham Lincoln's leadership. Lincoln's presidency marked a pivotal moment in American history, as he successfully ended the Civil War and abolished slavery.

The Civil War, a conflict between the Union (Northern states) and the Confederacy (Southern states), was largely fueled by the debate over slavery. The South, heavily reliant on slave labor, fought to preserve its way of life, while the North sought to abolish slavery and maintain the Union's integrity.

The period of economic hardship in the United States following the 1929 stock market crash, lasting for over a decade.

A set of government programs and reforms implemented by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in response to the Great Depression.

The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was a public work relief program that employed young men in conservation projects throughout the United States during the Great Depression.

The Works Progress Administration (WPA) was a large-scale public works program that provided jobs for millions of unemployed Americans during the Great Depression.

The Farm Credit Administration (FCA) was established in 1933 to provide financial assistance to farmers during the Great Depression.

The Social Security Board was created in 1935 to implement the Social Security Act, a system of retirement benefits and unemployment insurance.

The Lend-Lease Act was a program that allowed the United States to provide military aid to Allied nations, particularly Great Britain, during World War II.

A document signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill in August 1941, outlining the "Four Freedoms" that should define the post-war world.