Historical Events and Conquests Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Who is credited with founding Carthage according to the legend?

  • Alexander the Great
  • Queen Elissa (Dido) (correct)
  • The chieftain of the local tribe
  • King Pygmalion

    • What was the condition under which Queen Elissa (Dido) could claim land for her people in North Africa?

  • The area covered by an ox's hide (correct)
  • The area the ox could walk around
  • The area an ox could plow in a day
  • The area the ox could graze in a month

    • Which city was a major trade center by the 4th century B.C and eventually destroyed by the Roman Republic?

  • Carthage (correct)
  • Sidon
  • Tyre
  • Egypt

    • Who blockaded Tyre and sought help from Egypt according to the text?

    <p>Sidon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main reason for the downfall of Urartu?

    <p>Constant attacks from Assyria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why were the shields of Urartu decorated with mythical creatures?

    <p>To intimidate their enemies in battle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Assyrians call the kingdom of Urartu?

    <p>Uruatri</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the name 'Urartu'?

    <p>It means 'high place' in Assyrian</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region was known for being the wealthiest city of the Phoenicians?

    <p>Byblos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the earliest Phoenician settlements outside their homeland?

    <p>Cadiz in Spain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who did Tyre ask for aid from during conflicts with other Phoenician city-states?

    <p>Egyptians</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which city was known for its famous Tyrian dye, traded greatly by the Phoenicians?

    <p>'Tyre'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Phoenicia' was a formation of many independent what?

    <p>'City-states'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Herodotus' cites Phoenicia as the birthplace of what?

    <p>'The wheel'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the capital city of Assyria at one point?

    <p>Nineveh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did Assyria fall?

    <p>609 B.C.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who transformed Assyria from a city-state to a territorial state?

    <p>Ashur-uballit I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the name of the library built by Ashurbanipal?

    <p>Nineveh Library</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which city was located along the Tigris river and shared a name after a god?

    <p>Ashur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the Assyrian ruler who sent scholars throughout Babylonia to gather up and copy ancient literary work?

    <p>Ashurbanipal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which century did the Kingdom of Urartu develop?

    <p>9th century B.C.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What strategy did Assyrians use for local populations who went against them?

    <p>Exiling them to other countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the name of the kingdom located around Lake Van?

    <p>Kingdom of Van</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Sennacherib claim happened when Assyria attacked Jerusalem?

    <p>Hezekiah became a puppet and Jerusalem survived</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the attacker in all cases according to The Bible, Sennacherib, and Berosus?

    <p>Assyria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Heredotus' account of who defended against Assyria's attack?

    <p>Egypt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the name of the empire that Cyrus established after defeating Astyages?

    <p>Achaemenid Empire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who were the semi-autonomous provinces in Cyrus's empire governed by?

    <p>Satraps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which king began mobilizing forces to confront Cyrus, leading to a battle?

    <p>Croesus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What strategy did Harpagus use to frighten the Lydian horses during the battle?

    <p>Setting the Achaemenidian army on camels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What city did Cyrus establish as the new capital city after defeating Croesus?

    <p>Pasargadae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Cyrus attack Babylon in 540 B.C.?

    <p>With the help of native rebellion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main reason for Egypt's weakness during the Bronze Age Collapse?

    <p>Lack of trade with Cyprus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which empires were defeated by The Sea People during the Bronze Age Collapse?

    <p>Mycenaean, Hittite, and Babylonian</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Egypt do to defend itself during the Bronze Age Collapse?

    <p>Placed many ships in front of the Nile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which empire was under internal instability during the Bronze Age Collapse?

    <p>Mycenaean Empire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant discovery changed the understanding of the Bronze Age Collapse?

    <p>Medinet Habu temple in Egypt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which empire suffered from plague, wars from all sides, and internal rebellion during the Dark Ages and Rise of Assyria?

    <p>Hittite Empire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who were The Sea People?

    <p>'Loose alliance of groups from all across the Mediterranean'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which city managed to survive within The Mycenaean Empire during the Bronze Age Collapse?

    <p>'Euboea'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the fate of Peleset, a group of The Sea People?

    <p>'They became independent as Philistia'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Euboea' and 'Lydia' were former vessels of which empire during the Bronze Age Collapse?

    <p>'Mycenaean Empire'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Egypt need for its survival during the Bronze Age Collapse?

    <p>Bronze for making tools and weapons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which empires made peace through a diplomatic marriage during the Rise of Assyria?

    <p>Hittite Empire and Babylon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What led to the rebellion in the Persian empire against Cambyses?

    <p>The false order given by a man resembling Cambyses's dead brother</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Otanes determine that the man claiming to be Bardiya was an imposter?

    <p>By checking the man's ears and finding them to be intact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action did one of Gaumata’s emissaries take in Egypt?

    <p>Informed the Egyptian soldiers not to obey the 'mad king'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What realization did Cambyses have just before his death?

    <p>The 'mad king' was actually his brother Gaumata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Darius and others decide that the man claiming to be Bardiya was an imposter?

    <p>By checking for physical traits such as missing ears</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of Otanes urging his daughter to check the ears of the king at night?

    <p>Otanes believed it would reveal the true identity of the king</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main material used for roofs according to the text?

    <p>Tiles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does Mtkvari river originate from, according to the text?

    <p>Armenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many days does it take to travel by foot from the mountains to the sea in Colchis, according to the text?

    <p>4 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who does Herodotus say are the inhabitants of Colchis, according to the text?

    <p>Black Sea people and Egyptians</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two rivers join Mtkvari, according to the text?

    <p>Alazonios and Phasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mountains does Iberia lie between, according to the text?

    <p>Caucasus and Zagros</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the roofs in Colchis mainly constructed, according to the text?

    <p>With tiles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is Colchis situated with respect to the sea, according to the text?

    <p>Right next to the sea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical travel time by foot from the mountains to the sea in Colchis, as per the text?

    <p>$3-4$ days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the inhabitants of Colchis and Egyptians share, according to Herodotus in the text?

    <p>Cultural practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What other rivers join Mtkvari along with Alazonios, according to the text?

    <p>Phasis and Sandobani</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Herodotus claim about the inhabitants of Colchis and Egyptians in the text?

    <p>They have a similar physical appearance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Numa Pompilius do to the Roman calendar?

    <p>Started removing a day from the even-numbered months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did February originally have 28 days?

    <p>It was an even number, which was considered bad luck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Julius Caesar do to revise the Roman calendar?

    <p>Installed a solar calendar with 365 days and added a leap day every four years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Cyrus the Great known for?

    <p>Founding the Persian Empire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Astyages dream about regarding his daughter, Mandana?

    <p>His daughter flowing with water to fill the whole city</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of adding a leap month in the Lunisolar Calendar?

    <p>To adjust for seasonal misalignment every few years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the reason behind Numa Pompilius' decision to add a day and make February 28 days?

    <p>He wanted to align February with lunar cycles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Julius Caesar add ten days to different months?

    <p>To make the total number of days 365 in a year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What caused Astyages to decide to kill the child of his daughter, Mandana?

    <p>A vision of Mandana's child taking over all of Asia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action did Harpagus take when he was entrusted with killing Cyrus as a baby?

    <p>He decided to bring the baby to Astyages's messenger, Mithridates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Mithridates decide not to kill Cyrus as ordered by Astyages?

    <p>His wife convinced him to spare the baby's life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What revelation led to the truth about Cyrus being revealed?

    <p>Harpagus's son revealing it during a game at Astyages's palace.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who attacked Nabonidus’s capital at night?

    <p>The Persians</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Tomyris do after defeating Cyrus?

    <p>She put his dead head into an animal blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who became the king after Cyrus’s death?

    <p>Cambyses II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What made Cambyses go crazy?

    <p>Seeing the religious festival of Apis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who did Astyigas give himself up to save from being tortured?

    <p>His grandson Spitaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Xenophon, who was the father of Cyrus?

    <p>Cambyses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who did Cambyses ask to take his daughter as a wife?

    <p>Pharaoh Amasis II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was married to two of his sisters?

    <p>Cambyses II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who saw Cambyses as the 'mad king'?

    <p>Xenophon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most significant role of ocean currents according to the text?

    <p>Influencing human civilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text suggest about the density of ocean water and its influence on currents?

    <p>Saltier water is less dense than normal water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when warm water rises up in western Europe, releases heat into the atmosphere, and makes itself colder and denser?

    <p>Thermohaline Circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential consequence if the AMOC (Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation) slows down due to ice melting?

    <p>Problems caused by slowed ocean conveyor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do airlines avoid making a straight route from east to west, according to the text?

    <p>To take advantage of Earth's rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of a Sverdrup in relation to ocean currents?

    <p>It quantifies the vast quantities of water going around in the oceans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily influences near-surface ocean currents, as stated in the text?

    <p>Coriolis Effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What helps redistribute warmth around the globe, according to the text?

    <p>Earth's rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Thermohaline Circulation involve?

    <p>Movement of water due to density and temperature differences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence if AMOC slows down due to ice melting?

    <p>A mini ice age will occur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has a significant impact on surface currents, as per the text?

    <p>The wind and tides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Carthage and its Foundation

    • Queen Elissa, also known as Dido, is credited with founding Carthage.
    • Dido could claim land for her people in North Africa by requesting as much land as could be covered by the hide of an ox, implying a strategic use of resources.

    Historical Context of Tyre and Phoenicians

    • By the 4th century B.C., Tyre became a significant trade center and was eventually destroyed by the Roman Republic.
    • Tyre blockaded and sought help from Egypt, highlighting its strategic alliances during conflicts.
    • Phoenicians were known for their rich trading, particularly in Tyrian dye, which was highly sought after.

    Urartu and its Civilization

    • The downfall of Urartu was primarily due to internal instability and foreign invasions.
    • Urartian shields featured mythical creatures for decoration, indicating cultural significance and belief systems.
    • The Assyrians referred to Urartu as "Ararat," which signifies its geographical and cultural recognition.
    • Urartu's significance lies in its role as a pivotal kingdom in the region around Lake Van.

    Assyrian Empire Highlights

    • The capital city of Assyria was Nineveh, known for its grandeur.
    • Assyria fell in 612 B.C. due to a combination of internal strife and external pressures.
    • Tiglath-Pileser III transformed Assyria from a city-state into a significant territorial power.
    • The Library of Ashurbanipal in Nineveh contained vast collections of texts, showcasing the empire's intellect.

    Persian Empire Dynamics

    • Cyrus the Great established the Persian Empire after defeating Astyages.
    • Provinces within Cyrus's empire were governed by semi-autonomous leaders, allowing for localized rule.
    • Darius and others identified the imposter claiming to be Bardiya through physical assessments, ensuring rightful leadership.

    Age of the Sea Peoples

    • The Sea Peoples were a collective of maritime raiders contributing to the collapse of various empires during the Bronze Age.
    • Egypt faced significant vulnerability during this period, necessitating defensive measures.
    • Notable conflicts arose within the Mycenaean Empire, with some cities managing to survive despite widespread destruction.

    Calendar Revisions in Rome

    • Numa Pompilius reformed the Roman calendar, giving February 28 days due to lunar considerations.
    • Julius Caesar later revised the calendar, incorporating leap years to align with the solar year.

    Ocean Currents and Climate

    • Ocean currents play a crucial role in global climate and weather patterns.
    • The density of ocean water, influenced by temperature and salinity, affects current flow significantly.
    • The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is essential for redistributing heat; a slowdown could have drastic climate effects.

    Geography of Colchis

    • Colchis is situated near the Black Sea, characterized by mountainous terrain.
    • The Mtkvari River originates in the region and joins with other rivers, crucial for local geography.
    • Travel from the mountains to the sea takes several days on foot, indicating the rugged terrain.

    Key Figures and Events

    • Astyages, the last king of the Median Empire, dreamt of the dangers posed by his grandson Cyrus.
    • Cambyses, son of Cyrus, faced mental instability and was seen as a 'mad king' during his reign.
    • Tomyris, after defeating Cyrus, took action to honor fallen warriors, demonstrating the harsh realities of war.

    Noteworthy Contributions

    • The warm water rising and cooling in western Europe affects regional climates, influencing weather patterns.
    • Airlines adapt flight paths due to the influence of ocean currents, underpinning practical applications of oceanographic studies.

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    Test your knowledge of historical events and conquests with this quiz. Explore the details of significant battles, victories, and political shifts in ancient history.

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