Historical Definitions of Curriculum

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According to Robert H. Hutchins, what is curriculum seen as?

Permanent studies (correct)
Optional studies
Subjective studies
Temporary studies

Which intellectual disciplines did Arthur Bestor believe the curriculum should focus on?

Grammar, literature, and writing only
History, foreign language, and writing only
Mathematics and science only
Grammar, literature, writing, mathematics, science, history, and foreign language (correct)

According to Joseph Schwab, what should the curriculum consist of?

Knowledge from discipline being the sole source (correct)
Knowledge from various sources
Knowledge influenced by societal norms
Knowledge derived only from practical experience

How do most traditional ideas view curriculum?

Written documents or plan of action in accomplishing goals (A) Signup and view all the answers

What did John Dewey emphasize as the total learning experience of the individual?

Reflective thinking (C) Signup and view all the answers

'Derived from action but tested by application' is associated with which educational thinker?

John Dewey (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of curriculum focuses on the activities planned and unplanned for learners?

Curriculum as experiences of the learners (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of Curriculum as a program of study?

All students learning is contained in programs (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of curriculum provides direction for planning and development by providing a document?

Curriculum as a product (A) Signup and view all the answers

In Curriculum as experiences of the learners, what does the emphasis typically focus on?

Learning and the learner (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of Curriculum as intended learning?

Goals, content, concepts, generalization, outcomes (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of curriculum may separate processes of learning what is to be learned?

Curriculum as intended learning (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to Bobbit (1918), how does he define curriculum?

That series of things which children and youth must do and experience (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does Caswell and Campbell (1935) define curriculum?

All the experiences children have under the guidance of teachers (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to Smith, Stanley, and Shores, what is curriculum composed of?

A sequence of potential experiences set up in schools for disciplining children (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does Marsh and Willis view curriculum?

All the experiences planned by teachers and learned by students (B) Signup and view all the answers

What did David D.Armstrong (1989) identify as the purpose of curriculum?

To develop learners' behaviors and insights (A) Signup and view all the answers

'Written Curriculum' mainly consists of:

Documents, course of study, or syllabi for implementation (C) Signup and view all the answers