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Questions and Answers
What is the primary goal of historical criticism?
What is the primary goal of historical criticism?
What should be prioritized when presenting the biography of the author or creator of a primary source?
What should be prioritized when presenting the biography of the author or creator of a primary source?
Which question is NOT typically addressed by historical criticism?
Which question is NOT typically addressed by historical criticism?
How should a researcher check the authenticity of a primary source?
How should a researcher check the authenticity of a primary source?
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What does external criticism primarily examine?
What does external criticism primarily examine?
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Which statement about the audience of a primary source is typically true?
Which statement about the audience of a primary source is typically true?
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What rights are proclaimed for the Philippine Islands in the declaration?
What rights are proclaimed for the Philippine Islands in the declaration?
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What is meant by 'anachronism' in the context of testing a source?
What is meant by 'anachronism' in the context of testing a source?
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What item did the captain show to the local people to gain their trust?
What item did the captain show to the local people to gain their trust?
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What kind of information is considered essential when analyzing a primary document?
What kind of information is considered essential when analyzing a primary document?
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In the example of Rizal’s first poem, what word is identified as anachronistic?
In the example of Rizal’s first poem, what word is identified as anachronistic?
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Whose authority is recognized in the establishment of the dictatorship mentioned in the content?
Whose authority is recognized in the establishment of the dictatorship mentioned in the content?
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What is the first test a historian employs to ascertain the validity of a source?
What is the first test a historian employs to ascertain the validity of a source?
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Which of the following actions does the declaration state the Philippine Islands can engage in as an independent state?
Which of the following actions does the declaration state the Philippine Islands can engage in as an independent state?
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Which objective involves learning history through primary sources?
Which objective involves learning history through primary sources?
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What was the name of the boat used by the local people?
What was the name of the boat used by the local people?
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What did the king order his people to do when they approached the captain's ship?
What did the king order his people to do when they approached the captain's ship?
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What is the sentiment expressed towards Don Emilio Aguinaldo in the declaration?
What is the sentiment expressed towards Don Emilio Aguinaldo in the declaration?
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Which of the following best describes the first step in interpreting primary sources?
Which of the following best describes the first step in interpreting primary sources?
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What is a common objective of both historical and external criticism?
What is a common objective of both historical and external criticism?
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Which country is identified with the slave who acted as an interpreter?
Which country is identified with the slave who acted as an interpreter?
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What aspect of the repository of primary sources is important for researchers to locate?
What aspect of the repository of primary sources is important for researchers to locate?
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How can external criticism help historians?
How can external criticism help historians?
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What is the significance of the phrase 'we hereby mutually bind ourselves' in the declaration?
What is the significance of the phrase 'we hereby mutually bind ourselves' in the declaration?
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What is a common challenge when determining the audience of a primary source?
What is a common challenge when determining the audience of a primary source?
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What did the captain do when offered gifts by the king?
What did the captain do when offered gifts by the king?
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What did the local people fear that caused them to initially withdraw from the ship?
What did the local people fear that caused them to initially withdraw from the ship?
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What provisions did the king later provide to the captain?
What provisions did the king later provide to the captain?
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How did the local king and the captain first interact after their initial meeting?
How did the local king and the captain first interact after their initial meeting?
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What was the primary goal of the revolution that began in August 1896?
What was the primary goal of the revolution that began in August 1896?
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Who was the successor of Ferdinand Magellan in the Philippines?
Who was the successor of Ferdinand Magellan in the Philippines?
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Which event directly led to the violent resistance against Spanish forces in Cavite?
Which event directly led to the violent resistance against Spanish forces in Cavite?
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What was the term used for the agreement reached during the pacification proposed by Don Pedro A. Paterno?
What was the term used for the agreement reached during the pacification proposed by Don Pedro A. Paterno?
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What was a significant action taken by Don Emilio Aguinaldo shortly before the revolution spread?
What was a significant action taken by Don Emilio Aguinaldo shortly before the revolution spread?
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Which province had the most success in driving out Spanish forces during the revolution?
Which province had the most success in driving out Spanish forces during the revolution?
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What international legal concept is referenced regarding the legitimacy of the revolution?
What international legal concept is referenced regarding the legitimacy of the revolution?
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Which areas were still holding out against the revolutionary forces by the end of the described conflicts?
Which areas were still holding out against the revolutionary forces by the end of the described conflicts?
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Which chiefs did Governor Miguel Lopez de Legazpi negotiate with to start his conquests?
Which chiefs did Governor Miguel Lopez de Legazpi negotiate with to start his conquests?
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What was one of the results of the revolution noted in the content provided?
What was one of the results of the revolution noted in the content provided?
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Study Notes
Historical Criticism
- Historical criticism aims to understand a text's meaning within its original context.
- Questions addressed include authorship, date of creation, historical events surrounding the text, and its intended audience.
- "Authorial intent" is investigated to understand the author's purpose in creating the text.
External Criticism
- Focuses on detecting forgeries or misrepresentations in sources.
- Examines the authenticity of a source by analyzing aspects like the writer's style, their knowledge of facts, and the integrity of the original manuscript.
Test of Authenticity
- Determines the date of a document to check for anachronisms, which are things that could not have existed at that time.
- Anachronisms help test the reliability of a source; if a source is unreliable, it may not be used for research.
- Example: Rizal's poem "Sa Aking Mga Kabata" containing the word "kalayaan" is a potential anachronism.
Analyzing Primary Sources
- Focuses on the content and context analysis of selected primary sources.
- Objectives include understanding the sources' context, familiarizing oneself with Philippine history, and understanding the contribution of primary sources.
Background of the Author/Creator
- Requires a brief biographical sketch focusing on the author's family background, education, and religious beliefs.
- The first four steps of the "Test of Authenticity" are considered crucial for analyzing the author's background.
Background of the Document/Primary Source
- Identifying information such as the source type, length, and number of parts/chapters is important.
- The source's location is key: libraries, archives, museums, historical societies, and private collections are potential repositories.
- Provenance or origin is crucial to authenticating the source.
- Identifying the intended audience is vital—letters are addressed to a recipient, while diaries are for the author's own use.
Example of a Primary Source: Pigafetta's Account
- Pigafetta's account describes the encounter between the Portuguese expedition and the people of an island.
- The detailed narrative portrays the initial fear and cautious interactions between the expedition and the natives.
- The account highlights the use of gestures and gifts to establish communication and build trust.
- The king's offer of gold and ginger is noted by Pigafetta, demonstrating the natives' desire to establish a positive relationship with the Portuguese.
### The Philippine Revolution by Andres Bonifacio
- The text focuses on the motivations behind the Philippine revolution against Spanish rule.
- It highlights the injustices and oppression endured by the Filipinos under Spanish rule.
- The text emphasizes the historical precedents of Spanish colonial expansion and the argument for the revolution's legitimacy.
- The text recounts battles fought during the revolution, specifically noting the success of Filipino forces and the weakening of Spanish control.
- The document concludes with the proclamation of Philippine Independence, declaring the severance of ties with Spain and the establishment of a sovereign Philippine nation.
- The text emphasizes the importance of the revolution for the Philippines' freedom, highlighting the role of their powerful ally: the United States of America.
- Emilio Aguinaldo, as the head of the nation, is declared the Supreme Head of the Nation.
- Dr. José Rizal is acknowledged as a key figure in the fight for Filipino independence.
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Description
This quiz explores the principles of historical criticism and external criticism, focusing on the analysis of primary sources. It covers key concepts such as authorship, authenticity, and the detection of anachronisms that may affect the reliability of historical documents.
