Història Espanyola: Regències (1833-1843)

Fase 1: Regència M. Cristina de Borbó (1833-1839)

• Carlisme: Resistance to the modernization of the "old regime" mentalities.
• 1833 Manifest of the Regent: Wanted change but rejected dangerous innovations. Preferred traditional governance methods.
• 1834 War: Proclaimed Charles V, sparking a war.
• 1835: Cholera epidemic and a factory fire.
• Mendizabal: Implemented church property sales (desamortización) for funding the war.
• Liberal vs. Moderate Progressives: Conflicts arose among these groups.
• 1839: Isabelline victory, Carlists exiled, and liberals/moderates, Isabelline/Espartero victory.

Fase 2: Reg. General Espartero (1840-1843)

• Military Pronouncements: Attempts by the military to seize power.
• Political Crisis: Sparked by military uprisings, weakening the political structure.
• Protectionism vs. Free Trade: Espartero clashed with those advocating for free trade from Britain.
• Proletarianization: Manufacturing changes leading to a working class.
• Espartero's Exile: Espartero's departure to London following political disagreements.
• Parliament: Established a bicameral parliament (senate and representatives).

Fase 3: Decada Moderada (1844-1854)

• 1845 Constitution: Established a conservative liberal doctrine.
• Second Carlist War: Resurgence of the Carlist conflict.
• Economic Policies: Focus on promoting industrialization and establishing railway lines.
• Financial Policies: Introduction of new taxes and fiscal reforms.
• Public Order:* New model of law enforcement & social control: establishment of the Guardia Civil.

Fase 4: Bienni Progressista (1854-1856)

• Progressive Policies: Promoted changes, including broader suffrage and city councils.
• Manzanares Manifesto: A new agenda to expand suffrage and improve government structure.
• Military Influence: The rise of different factions who attempted to seize power.
• 1856 Constitution: Created a new constitution limiting the power of the monarch.