Histopathology Overview Quiz

Study Notes

Combination of histology (study of tissue structure) and pathology (study of disease processes).
Utilizes biological sciences to analyze morphology and origins of diseases.

Etiology: Focuses on the origin and underlying causes of diseases.
Pathogenesis: Describes the progression and development of the disease.
Molecular and Morphologic Changes: Involves structural alterations in tissues, cells, and organs during disease.
Clinical Manifestations: Encompasses signs and symptoms of diseases and their progression.

Decreased workload, often from bedrest following a bone fracture.
Loss of innervations which impairs nerve impulse responses.
Diminished blood supply leads to ischemia, causing tissue hypoxia, commonly associated with strokes.
Inadequate nutrition, particularly a carbohydrate-deficient diet, results in cachexia, or muscle and tissue wasting (e.g., Hashimoto's thyroiditis).
Loss of endocrine stimulation, seen in conditions like post-menopausal estrogen deficiency or hypothyroidism.
Pressure can cause atrophy through shrinkage or compression of tissues.

Gross Pathology: Examines the entire body; macroscopic changes visible to the naked eye.
Microscopic Pathology: Focuses on microscopic manifestations of disease.
- Anatomic Pathology: Studies structural and compositional changes; includes surgical biopsies and autopsies.
- Clinical Pathology: Involves laboratory analysis, including:
  - Hematology
  - Microbiology
  - Clinical Chemistry
  - Serology/Immunology
  - Clinical Microscopy (body fluids)
  - Parasitology

Hypertrophy: Increase in cell size leading to enlargement of affected organs; can be physiological (normal adaptation) or pathological (disease-related).
Hypertrophy often occurs concurrently with hyperplasia, which is the increase in cell number in response to a stimulus.
Hyperplasia: Adaptive response in replicative cells, enhancing cell proliferation in reaction to demands or stimuli.