Histology of Esophagus and Stomach Quiz L1

Study Notes

Esophagus: (1) Contains mucosa, submucosa, muscle layers (inner circular and outer longitudinal), Meissner's plexus, and nerve fibers. (2) Upper 1/3 has both skeletal and involuntary muscles, while the lower 1/3 has smooth muscles. (3) Auerbach's plexus is found between the muscle layers. (4) The serosa/adventitia in the cervical and thoracic parts is loose areolar connective tissue not covered by mesothelium, while the serosa in the abdominal part is loose areolar connective tissue covered by mesothelium.
Stomach: (1) Has four regions: cardia, fundus, body, and pylorus. (2) The mucosa of the stomach, particularly the fundus and body, has rugae that disappear in the distended stomach. (3) The stomach walls have a surface epithelium of simple columnar mucus-secreting cells, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, and submucosa, as well as the muscularis externa. (4) Mucosa of the fundus and pylorus differ in cell types, with the fundus containing pits of fundic glands and the pylorus containing pits of pyloric glands. (5) Fundic glands are branched and convoluted, simple branched tubular glands, and are rich in parietal and chief cells, which secrete hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen, respectively. (6) Enteroendocrine (EE) cells (such as enterochromaffin, G, D, and A cells) are present and secrete various hormones. (7) Stem cells are present and serve as regenerative cells.
Esophagus and Stomach Cells: (1) The cells of the mucosa in the fundus of the stomach do not contain surface columnar epithelium. (2) Parietal cells are not found in the pyloric glands, but are abundant in the fundic glands. (3) The predominant cell types in the pyloric glands are chief cells, which secrete the inactive form of pepsin (pepsinogen) and mucus. (4) The predominant cell types in the fundic glands are parietal cells and mucous neck cells, which secrete mucus. (5) The pylorus of the stomach is lined with simple columnar epithelium, while the rest of the stomach and the esophagus are lined with simple columnar mucus-secreting cells.
MCQs: (1) Mucous neck cells are not found in the pyloric glands. (2) Stem cells are found in the stomach, but not in the pyloric glands. (3) The stomach is lined with non-keratinized simple columnar epithelium. (4) Chief cells secrete pepsinogen. (5) The stomach is the predominant location of oxyntic cells, while the pylorus is predominantly composed of chief cells. (6) The pylorus of the stomach is lined with simple columnar epithelium. (7) Mucous neck cells are not found in the pylorus. (8) The lecture was delivered by members Hamad Alyahya, Khalid AlRasheed, Faisal Alzuhairy, Abdullah Aldhuwaihy, Fahad Almughaiseeb, Abdulrahman Alosleb, Abdulrahman Alomar, Omar Banjar, Yousof Badoghaish, Waad Alanazi, Raghad Almuslih, Reema Alzughaibi, Retal Alshohail, and Raghad Alothman, and was reviewed by academic leaders.