Histology: Cells and Tissues

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Questions and Answers

Match the following terms related to cell structure with their descriptions:

Cell Membrane = The outer boundary of a cell that controls what enters and leaves. Nucleus = The control center of the cell, containing DNA. Cytoplasm = The gel-like substance within a cell that contains organelles. Mitochondria = The powerhouse of the cell, producing energy.

Match the following tissue types with their primary functions:

Epithelial Tissue = Covers and protects surfaces, forms glands. Connective Tissue = Supports and connects different parts of the body. Muscle Tissue = Enables movement via contraction. Nervous Tissue = Transmits electrical signals for communication.

Match the following cell organelles with their functions.

Ribosome = Protein synthesis Endoplasmic Reticulum = Protein and lipid synthesis Golgi apparatus = Modifies and packages proteins Lysosome = Cellular waste removal

Match the following terms related to cell transport with their descriptions:

<p>Diffusion = Movement of molecules from high to low concentration. Osmosis = Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane. Active Transport = Movement of molecules against a concentration gradient using energy. Facilitated Diffusion = Movement of molecules across a membrane with the help of a carrier protein.</p>
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Match the following types of cell junctions with their functions:

<p>Tight Junctions = Create a barrier that prevents leakage between cells. Adherens Junctions = Hold cells together and provide mechanical stability. Gap Junctions = Allow small molecules to pass directly between cells. Desmosomes = Provide strong adhesion between cells.</p>
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Match the following skin layers with their primary components:

<p>Epidermis = Outermost layer, contains keratinocytes. Dermis = Middle layer, containing blood vessels and nerves. Hypodermis = Innermost layer, containing adipose tissue. Melanocytes = Cells that produce melanin.</p>
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Match the following types of cartilage with their locations:

<p>Hyaline Cartilage = Covers the ends of long bones. Elastic Cartilage = Found in the ear. Fibrocartilage = Located in intervertebral discs. Bone = Main structural component of the skeleton.</p>
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Match the following bone cells with their functions:

<p>Osteoblasts = Form new bone. Osteoclasts = Break down bone. Osteocytes = Maintain bone tissue. Chondrocytes = Produce and maintain cartilage.</p>
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Match the following muscle types with their characteristics:

<p>Skeletal Muscle = Voluntary, striated muscle. Smooth Muscle = Involuntary, non-striated muscle. Cardiac Muscle = Involuntary, striated muscle found in the heart. Nerve Tissue = Controls body functions, relays information.</p>
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Match the following components of blood with their descriptions:

<p>Red Blood Cells = Carry oxygen. White Blood Cells = Fight infection. Platelets = Help with blood clotting. Plasma = Liquid component of blood.</p>
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Match different types of Epithelial tissue to their function

<p>Squamous = Diffusion and filtration. Cuboidal = Secretion and absorption. Columnar = Secretion of mucus in digestive tract. Transitional = Stretch readily in urinary bladder.</p>
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Match special types of connective tissue to their description.

<p>Cartilage = Provides support with flexibility. Bone = Supports and protects; hard calcified matrix. Blood = Fluid matrix transports nutrients/wastes. Adipose = Stores fat, provides insulation and support.</p>
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Match the regions of a neuron to their function in signal transmission.

<p>Dendrites = Receive signals from other neurons. Cell Body = Contains the nucleus and organelles. Axon = Transmits signals away from the cell body. Synapse = Junction between two neurons.</p>
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Match the following parts of the eye with their function:

<p>Cornea = Bends light as it enters the eye. Lens = Focuses light onto the retina. Retina = Contains photoreceptors (rods and cones). Iris = Controls the size of the pupil.</p>
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Match the following components of the lymphatic system with their functions:

<p>Lymph nodes = Filter lymph and house immune cells. Lymphatic vessels = Transport lymph throughout the body. Spleen = Filters blood and removes damaged red blood cells. Thymus = Site of T cell maturation.</p>
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Match the following respiratory structures with their functions:

<p>Lungs = Site of gas exchange. Trachea = Windpipe that carries air to the lungs. Bronchi = Branches of the trachea leading to the lungs. Alveoli = Tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs.</p>
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Match the following digestive organs with their primary functions:

<p>Stomach = Stores and mixes food, begins protein digestion. Small intestine = Main site of nutrient absorption. Large intestine = Absorbs water and electrolytes, forms feces. Pancreas = Produces digestive enzymes and hormones.</p>
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Match the following components of the urinary system with their functions:

<p>Kidneys = Filter blood and produce urine. Ureters = Carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. Urinary bladder = Stores urine. Urethra = Carries urine from the bladder to outside the body.</p>
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Match the following endocrine glands with the hormones they produce:

<p>Pituitary gland = Growth hormone Thyroid gland = Thyroxine Adrenal glands = Cortisol Pancreas = Insulin</p>
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Match the following male reproductive structures with their functions:

<p>Testes = Produce sperm and testosterone. Epididymis = Stores sperm. Vas deferens = Carries sperm to the urethra. Prostate gland = Secretes fluid that nourishes and protects sperm.</p>
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Study Notes

  • Study notes based on the images.

Image 1

  • The black arrow points to a glomerulus.
  • The glomerulus is a network of capillaries surrounded by Bowman's capsule in the kidney.

Image 2

  • The black arrow points to a proximal convoluted tubule.
  • Proximal convoluted tubules are part of the nephron in the kidney, responsible for reabsorbing water, ions, and nutrients from the filtrate.

Image 3

  • The black arrow points to an adipocyte.
  • Adipocytes are cells that primarily compose adipose tissue, specialized in storing energy as fat.

Image 4

  • The arrow points to goblet cells.
  • Goblet cells are specialized epithelial cells that secrete mucus.

Image 5

  • The arrow points to the epidermis.
  • The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin, providing a protective barrier.
  • Another arrow points to melanin.
  • Melanin provides skin with pigment.

Image 6

  • The arrow points to a hair follicle.
  • Each hair follicle houses a hair shaft.
  • Another arrow points to sebaceous glands.
  • Sebaceous glands secrete sebum, an oily substance.

Image 7

  • This image depicts a cross-section of a cell, possible a kidney cell.
  • The nuclei are stained purple.

Image 8

  • The arrow points to transitional epithelium.
  • Transitional epithelium is a type of tissue that can stretch.

Image 9

  • This image depicts pseudostratified columnar epithelium.
  • The arrows point to cilia on the apical side of the cells.
  • The epithelium is responsible for secretion and absorption.

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