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Questions and Answers
What is a tissue?
A group of cells with similar structure and function plus extracellular substance (matrix).
Which of the following are one of the four primary types of tissue?
What is histology?
What is the function of the extracellular matrix (ECM)?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of epithelial tissues?
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Match the types of epithelial tissues with their structure:
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All epithelial tissues have a free surface.
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What is the function of simple cuboidal epithelium?
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Where can simple columnar epithelium be found?
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What is the structure of transitional epithelium?
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Study Notes
Tissues Defined
- A tissue is a group of cells with similar structure and function plus extracellular substance (matrix)
- Histology is the study of tissues
Extracellular Matrix (ECM)
- ECM helps bind tissues together structurally; it contains collagen, elastin, and glycoproteins.
- ECM allows for local communication within a tissue through connection via integrins in plasma membranes.
Types of Tissues
- Epithelial
- Connective
- Muscular
- Nervous
Epithelial Tissues
- Cover the body both internally and externally
- Examples include skin, kidney, trachea, glands, and more.
- Epithelial tissues are composed of cells that are close together with very little extracellular matrix.
Characteristics of Epithelial Tissues
- Epithelial tissues form most glands and have a free surface called the apical surface.
- The basal surface attaches epithelial cells to underlying tissues.
Functions of Epithelial Tissues
- Protection: Ex: Skin
- Barrier: Ex: Skin keeps bacteria out
- Diffusion and Filtration: Ex: Lungs and kidneys
- Secretion: Ex: Sweat glands
- Absorption: Ex: Small intestine
Classification of Epithelial Tissue
- Classified by the number of cell layers (simple or stratified) and the shape of the cells (squamous, cuboidal, columnar, transitional)
Types of Epithelial Tissues - Number of Layers
- Simple Epithelium: One layer of cells
- Stratified Epithelium: Many layers of cells
Types of Epithelial Tissues - Shape of Cells
- Squamous: Flat, tile-like cells
- Cuboidal: Square-shaped cells
- Columnar: Tall, narrow cells
Types of Simple Epithelial Tissues
- Simple Squamous Epithelium: One layer of flat, tile-like cells; function: diffusion and filtration; location: blood vessels, lungs, kidneys
- Simple Cuboidal Epithelium: One layer of square-shaped cells; function: secretion; location: glands, ovaries, kidneys
- Simple Columnar Epithelium: One layer of tall, narrow cells; function: secrete mucus and absorption; location: stomach, intestines, respiratory tract
- Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium: One layer of tall, narrow cells that appears stratified but is not; function: secrete mucus and propel debris out of respiratory tract (cilia); location: nasal cavity and trachea
Types of Stratified Epithelial Tissues
- Stratified Squamous Epithelium: Many layers of flat, tile-like cells; function: protect and acts as a barrier; location: skin, mouth, throat, esophagus
- Transitional Epithelium: Special type of stratified epithelium that changes shape (stretched squamous, not stretched cuboidal); function: hold fluids; location: urinary bladder
Stratified Epithelium
- Stratified cuboidal: 2-3 layers of cube-shaped cells; line ducts of mammary glands, sweat glands, salivary glands, and the pancreas.
- Stratified columnar: Top layer of elongated cells, rare type; found in lining of male urethra and a few other locations.
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Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of histology, including the definition and types of tissues in the human body. Learn about extracellular matrix and the characteristics and functions of epithelial tissues. This quiz will test your knowledge on how tissues are structured and their significance.
