Hinduism's Structure and Traditions

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Questions and Answers

Which model best describes how the different layers of Hinduism relate to each other?

  • Evolutionary model
  • Geological model (correct)
  • Network model
  • Branching model

The various layers of Hinduism define themselves against the other layers.

False (B)

What are the oldest texts in Hinduism called?

The Vedas

Around 500 BCE, new religious texts called the ______ emerged, adding a second layer to Hinduism.

<p>Upanishads</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these religions is considered the oldest continuous religious tradition?

<p>Hinduism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The word 'Hinduism' was in use during the time when only Vedic religions were being practiced.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name given to the earliest form of Hinduism?

<p>Vedic religions</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the historical periods with the associated texts:

<p>Vedic religions = Vedas Classical Hinduism = Upanishads Bhakti tradition = No specific text mentioned in the provided content</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a dimension of religion discussed?

<p>Economic and political (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Religions possess a core essence that remains unchanged over time.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Are religions considered universal truths that are all different paths up the same mountain?

<p>no</p> Signup and view all the answers

Religions are not only diverse but also change over ______.

<p>time</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did the term 'Hindu' begin to acquire religious connotations?

<p>Around 1830 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the concepts related to religious understanding:

<p>Internal Diversity = Variations within a single religion Change Over Time = Religious evolution over centuries No Essence = Lack of a single true form of a religion Isms don't exist = Religions are described with reference to people rather than systems, e.g. Buddhists, not ‘Buddhism’</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hinduism is considered a missionary religion that actively seeks converts.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What influences how individuals live out their religion?

<p>Political, economic realities, and life contexts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is Hinduism considered to be a polytheistic or monotheistic religion?

<p>Both</p> Signup and view all the answers

The text supports the idea that there's one definitive way to be a member of any given religion.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hinduism is described as not being ___________, meaning that Hindus can participate in other religious practices.

<p>exclusivist</p> Signup and view all the answers

In comparing Catholic practices in Los Angeles to 5th century practices, what is an example of change?

<p>New doctrines, texts, and practices of daily life</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the text suggest we should think about Hinduism, instead of the traditional 'tree' model?

<p>Like rock formations or a geological model (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The text states that in Christianity, you can be a Presbyterian and a Unitarian at the same time.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best way to think about the evolution of Christianity?

<p>Like a tree</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the religious term with its description according to the text:

<p>Exclusivist = Describes the nature of some Christian denominations Missionary religion = Actively seeks new converts Hindu = Initially a geographical term Polytheistic and Monotheistic = Describes the dual nature of Hindu gods</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is Hinduism?

Hinduism is a religion that is difficult to define as it has a complex history and structure. People are considered Hindu if they are born into a Hindu family, and it's not a missionary religion.

Is Hinduism polytheistic or monotheistic?

Hinduism is considered a polytheistic religion, but can also be considered monotheistic. It allows for the inclusion of other faiths and practices without excluding individuals.

How is Hinduism organized?

Hinduism is not organized in a hierarchical structure like a tree, with branches representing different denominations. Instead, it is more like a rock formation, with layers representing different periods and practices.

How does Hinduism compare to other religions in terms of organization?

While other religions, like Christianity, tend to have distinct and exclusive denominations, Hinduism allows for the inclusion of various practices and beliefs without requiring strict adherence to a single path.

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What is the origin of the term 'Hindu'?

The term 'Hindu' originally referred to people living in India and did not have religious connotations until the 1830s.

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Is Hinduism a missionary religion?

Hinduism is not a missionary religion, meaning it does not actively seek converts. People are considered Hindu primarily through birth.

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Is Hinduism exclusivist?

Hinduism allows for the inclusion of other faiths and practices, making it non-exclusivist.

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What makes Hinduism difficult to define?

Hinduism is a religion that encompasses a wide range of beliefs and practices, making it difficult to define and categorize.

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Geological Model of Hinduism

A layered model explaining the historical development of Hinduism, where each layer builds upon the previous one, emphasizing their interconnectedness.

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Vedic Religions

The oldest layer of Hinduism characterized by Vedic texts like the Vedas, which lay the foundation for later developments.

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Classical Hinduism

A later phase of Hinduism that emerged around 500 BCE, marked by the emergence of new religious texts like the Upanishads.

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Bhakti Tradition

A devotional tradition within Hinduism that emphasizes personal love and devotion to a specific deity.

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Interconnectedness of Hindu Layers

The historical development of Hinduism is not characterized by separation or branching but by a continuous process of building upon existing layers.

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Continuity in Hinduism

Hinduism, unlike other religions, emphasizes continuity rather than a rigid separation of different phases or branches.

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Term Hinduism

The term 'Hinduism' was not widely used during the Vedic period, highlighting that the term emerged later to encompass the evolving traditions.

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Timeline of World Religions

The timeline of world religions shows Hinduism as one of the oldest continuous traditions, with a significant shift occurring around 500 BCE.

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Religions Lack Essence

Religions are not static, unchanging entities with a single, core essence. They evolve over time and have diverse interpretations and practices.

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Not One Path Up the Mountain

There's no single, universal truth that all religions aim to achieve. Each religion offers a unique perspective and path.

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Religions are Diverse Within

Religions are internally diverse, with various schools of thought, interpretations, and practices within them.

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Religions Change Over Time

Religious practices and beliefs change over time, adapting to cultural, social, and historical contexts.

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Religions are Lived Experiences

Religions are not abstract concepts. They are lived by people who engage in different practices and express their beliefs in their daily lives.

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No Such Thing as 'Isms'

There is no single, monolithic entity called 'Buddhism' or 'Christianity.' Instead, there are individuals who identify with these traditions and practice them in various ways.

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Social and Institutional Dimensions

Religions have social structures and organizations, with authority figures and established rules and practices.

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Doctrinal or Philosophical Dimension

Religions have core beliefs and doctrines that guide their practices and provide a framework for understanding the world. These beliefs are often codified in texts or oral traditions.

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Study Notes

Hinduism's Structure

  • Hinduism's religious practice is layered, beginning with Vedic religions, followed by classical Hinduism, then the Bhakti tradition, and more.
  • These layers build upon each other, not as separate branches, but as a continuous tradition.
  • A geological model, rather than a branching evolutionary model, better represents Hinduism's development.

Timeline of Religious Traditions

  • Hinduism is one of the oldest continuous religious traditions.
  • Ancient Egyptian religion is another very old tradition, but it is no longer practiced.
  • Around 500 BCE, a significant layer (the Upanishads) was added to the Vedic traditions within Hinduism.
  • Vedic religions, classical Hinduism, and the Bhakti tradition are all practiced simultaneously within Hinduism, not mutually exclusive.

Defining Characteristics of Religions

  • Religions are internally diverse, with various interpretations and expressions within the same tradition.
  • Religions change over time, reflecting the societal and cultural contexts.
  • "Isms" don't exist; rather, groups of believers practice something that is interpreted as a religion, for example Buddhists, Hindus.
  • Hinduism's definition is complex. Belonging to a Hindu family is considered the primary way to be Hindu.

Hinduism as a Geoligical Model

  • The word "Hindu" evolved to describe people of India, gaining religious connotations in the 1800s.
  • Hinduism is not a missionary religion.
  • It is both polytheistic and monotheistic, with many ways of expressing belief.
  • Hinduism is inclusive, Hindus can practice other religions, but there is no formal mechanism to excommunicate for this in Hinduism.
  • Unlike exclusive religions (such as Christianity), Hinduism's layers don't separate adherents.

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